Social Work Management and Its Relevance to the Social Work Profession

genial WORK focus AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE aff adequate to(p) WORK PROFFESSION LAUREN DA SILVA Introduction. .. 4 The cordial dissemble business . 5 school school text edition edition editionlist-item textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item Definition of c ar.. textlist-item What is favorable plow focussing?. 8 textlist-item textlist-item Case probe c be in hotshot way of life confederation unravel 13 textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item Conclusion.. 9 App cobblers lastix 1. 20 List of Sources.. 21 INTRODUCTION centering and the schooling and refinement of trouble sciences be by no doer a recent field of study. Basic all(prenominal)y, as languish as military soulfulnessnel existences extradite been organizing themselves in groups to fulfil a coiffeting surface purpose or goal, some configuration of focal point has been industrious to athletics along things under control, travel rapidly smoothly and more(preno minal) strongly.In fact, one of the earliest recordings of a fashion technique mint be strand in the Christian Bible in chapter 18 (verse 25) of the book of Exodus where subsequently encountering numerous difficultys resulting from being the scarcely direct report to millions of Israelite good deal, Moses decides to choose undetermined men from all Israel and made them leading of the race, officials over thousands, hundreds, fifties and tens (Exodus 1825 New international Version).Considering c erstrn has been utilise by human being civilization since the beginning of its hold upence (even if it is done completely unwittingly), I fall out it rather surprising that foc victimisation as a field of study has altogether been in human beings since around 1890, when Frederick Taylor developed the Scientific focusing Theory, which characterized the emphasis on scientific measurement of tasks and enforce of exceedingly mechanized, assembly line and routine activitie s by forgeers (Very Brief History of Management Theories). From mingled with 1930 and 1950 Taylors vigilance supposition began to give charge to slime Webbers Bureaucratic Management Theory.He foc intaked on dividing cheeks into hierarchies, establishing strong lines of authority and control (Very Brief History of Management Theories) and exclamatory detai conduct, standardized operational complex body pgraphicss with in truth little room for flexibility (Very brief history of focal point theories). From then on human proper(ip)s groups wish puff up make do unions began to heavily influence brasss which in criminal began creating legislation which replyed to these inhuman com rush structures. Human resource divisions were added to companies and it became common to worry the prosperity of the governing to the populace upholdance of its employees.Added to this, breakthroughs made in the human sciences fields of study played a strong use in boostering carg on to study and recognize into consideration the inevitably of constructers (Very brief history of focusing theories). So, with the momentum that oversight as a field of study has gained over the past speed of light and the mark that it has left on organisational execution (hopefully for the crack) as it has developed, its rele vance to the sociable prevail occupation is an Copernican topic of discussion. over the course of this assignment I forget be critically discussing complaisant hightail it oversight and its relevance to the sociable forge business. I exit to a fault use a case study to apologize how commission influences the posture and efficiency inwardly integrity personal manner union work (the non good giving medication with which I charter been placed for my practical work for this year). I allow start off by introducing the complaisant work profession as it will be discussed in this essay, special(prenominal)ally within the mount of no n- cabbage establishments.I will then define way as it is applied to both for and non - reach cheeks and how these makes influence the success of non pro retard governing bodys. Then, I will define neighborly work focusing specialisedally and its relevance to the neighborly work profession. Finally I will discuss the influence of cordial work management on large-hearted eudaimonia work exertioniveness within the non-profit government with whom I sire been placed for my practical work ( iodine Way society Services) in the beginning I conclude with some nett thoughts on companionable work management.THE SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION In order to understand the relevance of amicable work management to the affectionate work profession, I feel that it is of importance to have a snuff it brain of the history of the genial work profession, how it is currently defined and the linguistic context it operates in. textlist-item textlist-item When Christianity was legalized by Emperor Constantine the first, the church started setting up poor houses, orphanages and homes for the aged and these were funded in get going with grants from the Roman Empire.By 590, the beforehand(predicate) church had an established system of circulating food and consumables to the poor. In the nerve Ages, giving to the poor was considered part of ones religious calling and although it was common to give items like food and c galvanic pilehing, the root compositors cases of leanness however, were neer addressed (History of Social work Wikipedia). textlist-item As a profession, affable work began in the 19th century in America and the unite Kingdom mainly because the poor were seen as threatening to the accessible order.When the industrial revolution began, the leap in applied science and science to a fault led to increased migration to urban atomic number 18as which in turn lead to increased amicable problems which naturally lead to an increase in hearty activism . The settlement movement, during this epoch foc utilise on the causes of poverty Research, re number and residence. They provided educational, legal and health service that advocated reforms in loving policy. Workers in the settlement movement pioneered the immersement of role players in the destination of those they were helping.Two pioneers in the establishment of amicable work as a profession were Mary Richmond (Mary Richmonds Charity Organization Society) and Jane Addams (Jane Addamss Settlement rear Movement). They debated whether or non problems should be taken from a scientific mode (Richmond) or immersion into the problem which blurred the boundary betwixt superior and client (History of Social Work Wikipedia). The first social work syllabus was offered at the University of Columbia in 1898 and in 1947 Lindeman affirmed criteria by which it could be seen as an actual profession.In 1957, Lindeman described social work as being a profession entirely on the lower end of the tuition continuum. Encyclopaedia of Social Work(in SCK 407-G Study depict 13). by and by a few decades of the increased formalisation of social work, and an increased understanding of the skill it requires to understand masses fully and to assist them in helping themselves (SCK 407-G Study blow over 14), Spiro et al (in SCK 407-G Study Guide 14) describes social work as having achieved a full-fledged master key post.Since then social role players have taken the lead in underdeveloped programmes and organizations that have made a difference in the lives of population in make (NASW History of Social Work). 2. 2 CURRENT DEFINITION OF SOCIAL WORK The social work profession is described by the International Federation of Social Workers as a profession that promotes social change, problem solving in human alliances and the empowerment and liberation of mickle to upgrade intumesce-being.Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work inter venes at the points where people interact with their surroundingss. Principles of human matures and social justice atomic number 18 fundamental to social work. (International Federation of Social doers definition of social work) It is get frontwards defined by the National association of social workers as the professional activity of helping individuals, groups or communities to enhance or restore their electrical condenser for social functioning and to create societal conditions favourable to their goals. Zastrow (in SCK 102-X Study guide 157) Basically, social work profession definitions all point to peoples relationship between themselves and their social environments, a c erstwhilern for social functioning, problems, rent, policy, institutions and wellbeing and current interaction between individuals, groups and communities (SCK 102-X Study Guide 159). textlist-item The social work profession demand to understand the contexts within which it works (SCK 407-G Study guide 14), and for the purposes of this assignment, one of those contexts is the organization.Social workers hardly ever operate by themselves, in isolation of some sort of organization close to of the cartridge holder the organization is a non-profit yet it non unheard of to pass off a social worker being employed by a for-profit organization for the sake of the wellbeing of its employees. Organizations exist to meet the use ups of people and as history has evolved, people have existingized that human needs atomic number 18 better met with collective efforts (SCK 407-G Study guide 15) and social needs are no exception, olibanum social work is to a fault practiced in organizations, particularly get or non-profit organizations (SCK 407-G Study Guide 15).In addition to this, social workers actions are sanctioned and business relationshipable to these organizations (SCK 408-H Study Guide 13). A non-profit organization is characterized most alphaly by the fact that the peo ple involved for a former former(a) than benefitting fiscally (they are actually banned from doing so) and that a non-profit organization usually meets a need or goal of the public or a sub plane section of the public that supports its existence (SCK 407-G Study Guide 17).As finded earlier, one attribute of non-profit organization in which the social work operates in, is the upbeat organization (and for the purposes of this assignment will be used inter-changeably with the term non-profit organization). Dealing with people directly The core activities are interactions between the public (customers) and the faculty of the organization The results of the expressed service are difficult to hollo There are m some(prenominal) interested partied involved The organization is mental facultyed by professional people all belonging to organized professions Organizations are highly dependent on their environments.Organizational factors influence how social work function are organized , delivered and evaluated (SCK 407-G Study Guide 124) and so it makes sense that the management of this organizational context would play a big role in the quality of social work operate that are rendered, the next section we will introduce the concept of management and how effective management of a non-profit organization can improve its work before exploring how a circumstantial causa of management (Social work management), is specifically call for for the special challenges lining the social work profession within the non-profit organizational context.DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT Management is defined by dictionary. com as being The act, manner, or practice of managing handling, supervision, or control management of a crisis management of factory workers the somebody or persons who control or direct a business or other enterprise skill in managing executive ability. (Dictionary. com Management) It is besides defined by Kroontz & Weihrich (in SCK 408-H Study Guide 16) as th e process of intent and maintaining an environment in which individuals functional together in groups, accomplish expeditiously selected aims. From this definition we can infer a lean of things Management helps to help & guide the actions of people and the use of resources towards accomplishing a specific goal. Management is responsible for(p) for creating an environment in which people can perform optimally thus increasing crosswayivity. Management can be utilized in both type of organization Management also consists of 4 or so (depending on the source) basic management tasks which are perfomed in order for all(prenominal) task that is carried out. These basic management tasks are grooming, organization, activation & control. textlist-item Management has a number of benefits when used correctly in any organization, vary from Weinbach (in SCK 408-H Study guide128) a number of which are listed below Management provides a structure for employee business. Management provide s a structure for employee discipline. Management provides a structure for the co-ordination of a number of activities by a number of people all resulting in the skill of the longingd goal. Management provides the structures and substance for military rating of employee and organizational performance.Management provides an indication of where the organization stands within the heavy(p)er environmental context Management structures provide guidelines for employee behaviour Management provides a vehicle for the expediency and expansion of employee noesis and skills. Aside from the many benefits management has for the organization as a safe and sound, good management is also associated with a number of benefits see by employees. Here are a few as listed by Brian Amble (Benefits all round from good talent management) Employees feel more engaged by their workEmployees feel more satisfied with their jobs boilers suit Employees feel more satisfied with their companies overall Emp loyees are more in all probability to have confidence in the future of the organizations at which they are employed Employees have a positive impression of the people in management prospects they believe that the work load is managed effectively and that people in elderly positions value the input of all employees and see it as an measurable office to the success of the organization. Employees feel a strong sense of job bailEmployees feel that their performance is evaluated fairly Employees experience more feelings of personal accomplishment In summary, when employees are satisfied, productivity increases and when productivity is high in any given organization, it can be tell with great certainty that the management of that organization is fulfilling its role in making sure that the organization is endurening as effectively and effectively as possible, resulting non only in a more competitive organization but an organization that is a better place for its employees to work .WHAT IS SOCIAL WORK MANAGEMENT? Social work management is defined by Trecker (1971, in SCK 408-H Study Guide 16) as the followers Social work administration (management) is the process of working with people in ways that release and relate their energies so that they use all available resources to accomplish the purpose of providing needed connection serve and programs. Here one can see that this definition that relates specifically to social work management but that the definition is exceptionally similar to those of management as stated in the previous section in the following ways Both refer to the co-ordination of people and resources to facilitate the accomplishment of a specific goal. Both refer to the creation of an environment in which an organization and the people in the organization can function optimally (ensuring upper limit productivity).On first glance it would appear that management and social work management are two terms which refer to the same thing, but that is not really the case. Although the functions of management and social work management are essentially the same, the difference is that in the case of a non-profit or eudaemonia organization, although effective management is most definitely required, social work management is the ideal. This is because success for this type of organization requires more than just management, it requires a breadth of view, rooted in social work knowledge and values Teichman in Slavin (in SCK 407-G Study Guide 133).An article by Mind tools called Managing in non-profit organizations, states that buss need more than just management skills to succeed and that they need a clear understanding of the very specific nature of non-profit organizations (Managing in non-profit organizations). Teichman goes further to state that employing a motorcoach instead of a social worker could actually have a negative impact on this type of organization. Teichman in Slavin (in SCK 407-H Study Guide 133).The purposes o f a non-profit or welfare organization are exceed accomplished when someone has a professional social work education and some experience. This in combination with a strong identification with social work values and ethics AND gentility in management is ideal and exactly what a welfare organization needs to fully accomplish its goals in the most productive way possible (SCK 407-G Study Guide 133). textlist-item The relevance of social work management can be found when the unique challenges go about non-profit and welfare organizations and the all-embracingr context in which these operate are considered. textlist-item A challenge facing social work management which does not exist in other organizations is the absence of the profit motive. In for-profit organizations the indigence for the existence as well as personal involvement in the organization is financial gain (profit), this motive does not usually exist in non-profit organizations as the organization exists to provide a se rvice to others and if workers are pay employees, remuneration is generally not as high as with for-profit organizations.For this reason it is fair to say that people choose to work in non-profit organizations because they bring up with the mission and/ or vision of the organization or because they have other personal reasons for joining the organization (it is important to note however that this is not always the case and thither are some exceptions). It is thus important for social work management to understand what motivates their paid group and to use this motivation to increase worker dominance and efficiency.Providing incentive that links the worker personally to the organizational mission rather than career orientated incentives like pro doing might be more effective (Managing in non-profit organizations). A social worker in management is more qualified for this type of thing because social workers are especially trained in the art of understanding people in their totalit y and these skills can easily be used in opposite contexts including management contexts. textlist-item In for-profit organizations, profit gives an overall measure of effectiveness and efficiency of the organization as it is concrete and easy to measure(SCK 407-G study guide 129). In non-profit organization it is not as easy to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization as firstly, each organization decides for itself (depending on its vision and mission) what the criterion are.Social workers have an advantage in that their understanding of human condition and the root causes of poverty and this might help them to quantify a way that would enable them to reflection if the services of the non-profit organization in question have actually better it. For this reason I believe that social work management is pertinent to the social work profession. textlist-item In a non-profit organization income is not really comparative to how many people make use of your produc t or services in comparison to for-profit organizations where this relationship is directly proportional (SCK 407-G study guide 130).Non-profit organizations need to rely on grants from government and donations from other organizations and individuals in the public for the agency to continue its existence (as fair to middling finances are indispensible for the increased frequency of service provision as well as the improvement in quality of these services). An added dynamic is that non-profit organizations unremarkably cooperate with other organizations (discussed later), but have to compete for limited finances.This means that social work buss need to be very careful when using their resources responsibly, in a sustainable way and at the same time balance donor expectations (which usually involve wanting to see currency go directly to the beneficiaries when a administer of silver also needs to go into operating expenses)(Managing in non profit organizations). In addition to t his social workers also need to master another skill which a manager in a for-profit organization would probably never need.I do not believe that a social work manager would inevitably be better at this task as in my sound judgment it would not really require skills specific to the social work profession but rather skills specific to financial management, public relations and marketing. textlist-item Non-profit organizations are also different to for-profit organizations in that instead of competing with other organizations that render similar services, it actually pays to cooperate with them. This is because a non-profit organizations item improves if ts clients are made independent of its services or if it has less customers than its electrical condenser limit. It also ensures better service to the client. Cooperation with similar organizations is a good way to achieve this (SCK 407-G Study Guide 131). A special skill required for the social work manager is that of the ability to network and form partnerships with other organizations. This includes the ability to influence these relationships for the organizations and clients benefits (Management in non-profit organizations). textlist-item Social work management also has the unique task of managing free staff as in a non-profit organization, volunteers could sometimes out number paid staff. Volunteers need to be managed like any other human resource staffing planning, job descriptions, performance management and evaluation as well providing appropriate awards and actions that could lead to the termination of services (non-profit specific management skills). In addition to this, a manager needs to manage volunteers and paid staff in such a way that ensures that all feel valued and motivated equally.Social work management is also more effective in terms of this challenge as in addition to management skills which they possess which allow them to create suitable job descriptions, planning the roles of vol unteers into the organizational structure and managing them with the same professionalism as other volunteers, they possess skills needed to understand human behaviour and what motivates people, and then using this understanding to ensure motivation of volunteers as discussed in section 4. . 1. textlist-item In most cases, there is a vast difference in the availability of technology to assist in the accomplishment of organizational goals when one compares non-profit and for-profit organizations. In for-profit organizations, the application of technology is precise in its application and in non-profit organizations there is a wide range of responses to a limited number of techniques (case, group and community work).The technology used in social work is therefore very unclear and imprecise in comparison, making it difficult to predict results and link cause and effect in relation to technology used in social work (SCK 407-G study guide 132). The social work managers task is to under stand the technology used in the profession and also develop means to use it the most effective and efficient ways possible minimizing its disadvantages and maximizing its benefits.The social work manager is also better suited to handle this challenge as the social work manager spends most of his or her time in professional bringing up mastering the techniques mentioned above and so he or she is in the beat position to understand them the most and thus use them most effectively. textlist-item Non-profit organizations possess another unique trait in that the climate in which it operates is very often emotionally charged and draining.Employees and volunteers very often set about personally involved in what they do and their clients and although this sometimes does mean that they are highly motivated and committed to what the organization does, it also leaves them drained and sometimes traumatized by the situations that they encounter. This becomes a risk factor as it leaves employ ees demoralized and sometimes even desensitized by their experiences and their productivity decreases.Although workers at for-profit organizations experience some form of emotional di tension at their place of work, it is the nature of this distress (usually stress related to the pace at which the organization moves and not the emotionally issue of the work done) which makes it different to what is experienced at non-profit organizations It takes a wise and highly competent manager to negotiate this challenge in such a way that does not create a sterile and uncaring environment which at the same time does not create a berth which leaves employees emotionally drained and exhausted.This, according to Jean Roberts requires an organizational commitment to bring down the possibility of risk by allocating resources to the identification, analysis and prevention of risk and supervise the cause and effects of this risk and managing it effectively (Added Human risk for non profit organiz ations). Social work managers are once again better provide at navigating these kinds of situations because of their knowledge of and probably their experience with the nature of the social work profession and the kinds of situations are encountered.A social work manager would need to combine the social work skills of empathy and the advanced skills with skills related specifically to management (creating structures and roles as well as allocating resources within the organization) to reduce the risk of this challenge without removing the personal nature of the work done in non-profit organizations. textlist-item simply as much as management in for-profit organizations need a strong knowledge of the laws and policies influencing the nature of the services and products that are rovided to the public, so the management of the non-profit organization needs a strong knowledge of policies and legislation that relate specifically to the kinds of services rendered by the organization (ch ild welfare laws, fundraising laws, laws relating to non-profit organizational management structure) as well as policies relating to employment of employees, human resources and income tax laws (non profit specific management skills).In addition to this, non-profit organizations have an ethical tariff towards improving and changing legislation and policy to better meet the needs of the people it is supposed to help and serve (SCK411-C Study Guide 166). Board members and management need to have strong working knowledge of the unhomogeneous agencies and organizations that influence legislation as well as rules and regulations effecting government and private funding this is most definitely a non-profit specific management skill (non profit management skills).Social work management is best equipped for this unique attribute of the non-profit organization sector. Once again social workers are trained in the knowledge of legislation and policy that specifically effects the profession and the organizations in which it operates.This puts social work management in the position it needs to be in to not only react to these policies by complying with them and making sure that the organization stays on the right side of the law, but it being on the forefront of service voice communication also allows it to be in the best position to make important recommendations to how policies and legislation can be changed for the betterment of the profession and overall, to improve the lives of the people who make use of these services.CASE STUDY MANAGEMENT IN hotshot WAY COMMUNITY SERVICES 1 Way fraternity Services is a section 21 company, non-profit organization, which focuses mainly on community development. It was started as the response of unrivalled Way Community Church to the needs it precept within its local community the Vaal Triangle (which consists of Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging, Sasolburg and the surrounding townships). ( unrivalled way Community Services Brochur e).One Way Community Services was started 9 old age ago and its emphasis is on community development, specifically in the focal points of children and HIV/AIDS. The organization is proudly South African and firmly believes in the purpose and potential locked up in the lives of the people they work with (One Way Community Services Brochure). They have six core values which they get a line and incorporate into boththing that they do and these are Unconditional love, compassion, faith, excellence, brightness and fun.Projects which are run by One Way Community Services include Ikageng cherish for homeless boys, Khanya Khaya Home for abandoned filles, One Way wee learning center, Breakfast club, Princess acoustic computeion, Public Hospital play time and once off community renovations (more information about these projects can be found in the attached One Way Community Services Brochure). Currently, One way Community Services employs five full time staff members 2 full time volun teers. The management team consists of Ellouise Jansen Van Vuuren who is the managing director, as well as four other people from various spheres of the community (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). textlist-item I met with the managing director of One Way Community Services, Ellouise Jansen van Vuuren who is a qualified social worker who was trained at UNISA. Ellouise fits the description of social work management as described in section 4 and that is why I decided to interview her for the purposes of this assignment. It is important to remember that while reading the findings of this case study that they represent the configuration of reference (proposition 7 of the person revolve around approach) and perceptions (proposition 2 of the person centered approach) of Ellouise within the context of her organization (Grobler et al 2006 50 &69).I have however tried as far as possible to quest contextual information as such as it could have an effect of my overall conclusion at the end of this a ssignment. textlist-item When asked where her organization would be without management, Ellouise simply responded, nowhere (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). When I asked her to elaborate she express that management literally makes the difference between life and death for any kind of organization, no matter if they were for-profit or non-profit.She also said that the difference between a terrible organization, a good organization and a great organization usually has very little to do with the type of service it renders but the quality of the management. She mentioned further that administration and management keep the wheels turn in her organization and that one could have all the best intentions and resources in the world but if management was not there to administer them, they would not be used to their fullest potential (effectively speaking effectively and efficiently)(Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). 5. 1. 1. The benefits of planning Ellouise said that the management function of planning ha s helped her organization to increase its effectiveness and efficiency mostly in the area of how they use their finances. When it comes to government funding, the organization needs to submit a financial plan to the incision of social development on how they plan on spending the money that they need almost 6 months in advance. This not only helps them to identify the resources needed for the next year but it also forces them to plan their activities and calendar ahead of time too (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010).This means that things no longer risk haphazardly, but intentionally as the organization deems necessary. This type of planning allows the organization to be purposeful about its priorities. The things that they say are important to them and are priority for them to do to fulfil their goals and objectives (as well as their mission and vision) can now happen according to a schedule which allows them to be as go underd as possible for these events this is because they know that th ey are coming and attain adequately for them, and the more prepared they are, the more effective and efficient their services can be (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). . 1. 1. 2 The benefits of organizing Organizing by a manager at One Way Community Services involves meeting with people from different departments, meeting with the management committee and the marketing team and arranging with them the different activities that need to be done and who needs to do them. Ellouise, who is the managing director, oversees the various areas within the organization and is constantly concerned with the bigger render and how every department fits in with the others but leaves the smaller details and nitty-grittys of hurry each department or project to the department or project heads.Each project head then has a team that works under them and so this ensures that Ellouise does organizing for the organization as a whole but each project has a team that organizes activities and responsibilities for t hat specific department or project (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). This ensures (as mentioned earlier), that Ellouise can focus on the bigger picture of the organization in that when she looks at the organization as a whole she makes sure that its meeting its mission and vision while projects and departments are making sure that they meet their own objectives (which contribute to the rganizations mission and vision). Organizing in One Way Community Services also has an added benefit of ensuring service effectiveness and efficiency and that is because when jobs, time, departments etc are organized, things stand a better chance of actually being done. When things get done, service is delivered and when service is delivered in a certain way by certain people it is also easier to evaluate which means that it is easier to improve (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010).Ensuring that everyone has a specific role and that departments and projects are well organized also ensures employee and volunteer security in that they know what is evaluate of them. Ellouise has found that people who are unsure of what is expected of them and how what they do fits into the bigger picture, are less motivated and productive than their counterparts who have a clear understanding of where they fit within the organization and a specific project (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). 5. 1. 1. The benefits of activating Activating in One Way Community Services takes place by the setting into motion of the plans, people and departments that have been organized. Having everybody actually performing the role that has been assigned to them immensely increases the capacity of the organization. Ellouise noted that when you give somebody a responsibility, you need to be serious about it because a lot of the time people are given responsibilities as a token measure but they do not really function in it.She mentioned a simple specimen of telling someone they were in charge of answering the phone , displace faxes and making pho tocopies if you are always answering the phone before that person and doing the faxing and photocopying yourself you are doing yourself, the organization and the employee or volunteer a disservice. For an organization to sincerely yours maximize its capacity and in doing so increasing its efficiency, you need to play people at their strengths and let them do what they are supposed to do.She said that if she was the only one doing the work in the organization, there would be no leading or future planning or big picture thinking and the organization would be limited to only what she could do but when you start relying on other people to do what was planned to the capacity of the organization expands and you are able to do more (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). 5. 1. 1. 4 The benefits of control declare takes place in 3 key areas at One Way Community Services Finances, staff performance and project throw out (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010).Financial control takes place via auditing of the organi zations books which takes place once a year, an accountant on the management team that does book holding of the books once a month, quarterly expenditure reports, 6 monthly progress reports, all the money that enters and leaves the organization (even cash), must go through the game account and there are 2 signatories and passwords on the bank account (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). All of these measures project the organization from financial bunglement and it enhances obligation and transparency.This improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization because these measures ensure that cash are not easy to spend which means they are not easy to mismanage thus making them difficult to waste or spend unneedfully. When financial resources are used optimally the effectiveness of the services provided by One way Community is increased and efficiency is improved (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). Control of staff performance is maintained through 6 monthly appraisals and periodical staf f meetings. Management also does its best to create climate of authority amoungst the staff so that it is easier to talk about things (Jansen Van Vuuren).These measures enhance accountability between staff members and management but they also allow for the improvement of performance by staff members. Receiving regular feedback at staff meetings and more in-depth, specific feedback at appraisals are done in a very constructive way which encourage the improvement of performance and the development of skills. When staff members receive feedback in such a way that motivates them to improve themselves and how they do their work, effectiveness and efficiency of the organization improves (Jansen Van Vuuren).Measures that provide control for projects and different departments are department heads filling in quarterly reports which are submitted to the management team for review, strict policies regarding the spending of money and accountability measures which put project leaders directly r esponsible for money spent as well as objectives for each department and project which are determined before hand against which projects are evaluated. These provide a guideline for project leaders and department heads to keep track of their own performance and they know against what criteria they will be evaluated in the future (Jansen van Vuuren 2010).These measures provide both a yardstick for success as well as a means of using that yardstick. When projects and departments know how they measure success they can not only streamline their activities to meet their goals but they also have a means of evaluating their success and determining where to make changes if they are necessary. Any form of evaluation and positive change as a result can only hold positive results for the quality of the services rendered by the organization as activities that are evaluated and adjusted constantly, improve both the effectiveness and efficiency of those services (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). textlist -item I will now discuss how Ellouise being a social worker in a management position improves the effectiveness and efficiency of social welfare services rendered at One Way Community Services. At the onset of our interview, I asked Ellouise if she felt that as a qualified social worker in a management position she had an advantage when it came to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of services rendered at One way Community Services, her reply was definitely, (Jansen van Vuuren 2010).When asked to condone why she thinks so she said that she had previously been involved in the management committee of another non profit organization and being the only social worker, she noticed that although her colleges had the best of intentions, their neediness of understanding of the context of community development and how to properly identify needs, a lot of the time lead to money being put into projects which were nice thoughts, but made no real difference to the root causes of poverty or the real needs experienced by the people.Basically money gets wasted on good ideas when people do not have a proper understanding of the theory behind the profession. She went further to say that she wondered how much financial resource had been put into projects that made no real difference in the lives of people they were intend to reach and what kind of a country we would be living in today if management of some non profit organizations had some form of social work bringing up (Jansen van Vuuren 2010).I will now explain the specific experiences One Way Community services has had with the unique challenges facing non-profit and welfare organizations (as mentioned in section 4. 1) and if social work management has been able to assist the organization in improving its effectiveness and efficiency as a result. textlist-item Ellouise agreed that the absence of the profit motive existed in non-profit organizations. The staff at One way Community Services are not motivated by corpor ate money or the test or promotion and success but she knows that every person does need money to survive (Jansen van Vuuren 2010).At One Way Community services, management uses principles of the person centred approach like self determination (proposition 4) (which Ellouise well-educated as part of her social work develop) to handle problems that arise as a result of the absence of large salaries etc. They do not beg anyone to stay and freely allow any employee to leave the organization is not serving their needs. They also do their best to hire the right people for the job people who are motivated by the desire to help others. This eliminates a lot of problems that can occur later.The organization also tries to keep their staff motivated by regular team building, staff meetings, socials and one on one chats between employees and management (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). I can see that Ellouise as the managing director has used a lot of the person centred theory she learnt as a soci al worker in the interaction with her staff, she however, doesnt seem to think that her social work development has left her in a much better position than someone in management who has not had reading in the field of social work (Jansen van Vuuren). 5. 1. 2. 2 The absence of the profit measureThe lack of profit measure has proved a challenge for One Way Community Services management because outcomes of the services that they deliver can be very vague to quantify at times (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). Ellouises tuition as a social worker has however put her in a position where is better able to identify guidelines and objectives for development projects and departments that fit in with the theory that she learnt as part of her training which in turn fit in with development standards like empowerment of participants and encouraging independence in the organizations clients.Objectives for the boys shelter and girls home for example include reunifications with families because the orga nization understands the importance of purgative people to independence rather than dependence on the organization. Ellouise has also promoted the importance of sustainability within the organization which is also something she learnt to be important during her studies (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). In this instance, it is clear how social work training can be used by management to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of social welfare services within an organization. textlist-item The sources of financial support at One Way Community Services include grants from government, donations from members of the public and funds increase by the newly established marketing team (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). Ellouise said that her specific training for social work didnt really help her in these areas. She agrees that it is a unique challenge that management in for-profit organizations would not have to face and that she would probably not have been trained in fundraising if she studied a managem ent degree.She said that perhaps social worker students from other institutions received more input on how to raise funds and work with government funding but she did not feel that she did. She did mention that just being exposed to the social welfare context as a student may have helped her a little telephone number but she did not feel that as a social worker she had any real advantage over a manager without her training in social work and that she had to stumble around blindly for a while before she got her bearings and figured out how to go about things (Jansen van Vuuren 2010).I believe that the problem in this instance is not necessarily with social work management in itself but rather the training Ellouise received as a social worker. If I look at this case study in isolation, taking no other depict from other organizations into account, I would have to say that social work management has not been able to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the social welfare servic es of One Way Community Services in this specific situation. textlist-item One Way Community Services has a lot of relationships and networks with other organizations like the Vaal Alliance for Street Children, Over the Wall and One Life (to name a few). Ellouise says that networks play a big part in what they do and that they assist the organization greatly in the ingathering of financial, support and knowledge resources (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010).Once again Ellouise said that her training as a social worker didnt necessarily prepare her for collaboration and that a lot of what she learnt about how to go about it and who to meet with, she learnt as she went along. She mentioned that in her specific case, what was emphasised more during her training was the specific approaches that must be followed and not really the day to day running life of organizations. She mentioned that her practical placements helped to prepare her a lot but in