Equity and Equality - 1007 Words

Youssef Haddad Professor Black English 1101 9 Nov 2013 Equality Vs. Equity: People and The Law Throughout the history of mankind and specially in modern times, many struggles emerged from people’s suppressed anger and hatred of the feudalism and the ruling monopolistic powers, and in their effort to create a system most suitable to their wants and desires and what they take as â€Å"values† and â€Å"rights† they stumbled on what is to this very day one of the most important and complicated dilemmas of human philosophy: how do we choose between equality and equity? What is the better choice? Do we prefer similarity or justice? And many questions as such, and as other ideas and ideologies go, it remains a major†¦show more content†¦Dr P. Braveman, â€Å"Defining equity in health†, J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57:254-258 doi: 10.1136/ jech.57.4.254. Paula Braveman’s education is as follows: MD, MPH is Professor of Family and Community Medicine and Director of the Center on Social Disparities in Health at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), For more than 25 years, she has studied and published extensively on health equity and the social determinants of health, and has worked to bring attention to these issues in the U.S. and internationally, During the 1990s she collaborated with World Health Organization staff in Geneva to develop a global initiative on equity in health and health care. Her research has focused on measuring, documenting, understanding, and addressing socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities, particularly in maternal and infant health, for those exact reasons, I choose her to contribute to my studies based on her extensive knowledge and research in this particular division, and her portfolio proves that quite sufficiently. Andrew M Jones, 1995. A microeconometric analysis of smoking in the UK health and lifestyle survey, Working Papers 139chedp, Centre for Health Economics, University of York. Andrew Michael Jones’sShow MoreRelatedEquity and Equality723 Words   |  3 PagesEquity and Equality Jaime Matta Concordia Online Community of Learners EDGR 595 Karen Billette February 27, 2012 Educational equity refers to equal access, opportunities, and expectations in education for all persons, irrespective of their backgrounds or status. As a democratic nation, the United States offers a system of universal and free public education as a primary mechanism for providing equal educational access and opportunities to all persons, for preparing its people for civicRead MoreEquity And Equality For Students816 Words   |  4 PagesEquity and equality for students is all about enabling fairness and ensuring that all the students are given the best possible chance to succeed in life irrespective of their identities or backgrounds University of Birmingham (2015). In the course, we have learned that equity leads to success in academic institutions and should therefore be encouraged. We have also learned that diversity is about recognising, valuing and celebrating all the people from different backgrounds that live within our societiesRead MoreEquality Vs Equity943 Words   |  4 PagesEquality and equity are both topics we have had always thrown around but only recently have once again taken into actions with the expectation of future change in treatment. When the trail of Plessy vs Ferguson underwent in 1896 schools that held a higher percentage of non-white children could not be worse for wear than an all-white school. In brown vs. the Board of education the schools could no longer legally segregate themselves. Thus allowing the intergradation of children to mix, but when theRead MoreDiversity, Equality, Equity, And Mutual Respect952 Words   |  4 Pagesof merely tolerating them. This builds a diverse reality that will cross broad spectrums of demographic and philosophical characteristics. It is only when individuals feel free from discrimination that they will be able to create a climate of equality, equity, and mutual respect. Accepting each other s differences and embracing diversity means more than just tolerating one s differences, it means consciously practicing acceptance and appreciating the interdependence of our different cultures andRead MoreFeminism And Gender Equality And Equity Based On Gender1060 Words   |  5 Pagesand meninists who are satirical equal rights activists. In reality, feminism is pro-gender equality and opportunities for all types of people. Feminism is the belief that people of all different backgrounds should be treated justly and fairly. Feminists believe that all people deserve equal pay to those in the same job. Otherwise put, â€Å"Feminism is an interdisciplinary approach to issues of equality and equity based on gender, gender expression, gender identity, sex, and sexuality as understood throughRead MoreEquality And Equity Between Genders, Males, And Females Essay1580 Words   |  7 PagesIt is evident that equality and equity between genders, males and females, has had its struggles. This struggle to promote fairness has been expressed through various mouvements such as from the suffragettes emerging in the late 20th and early 21st century and the recent He for She movement to bring both genders to work together as one. Despite these efforts, in the hockey world, male domination reaches a high while the female athlete success as not reached such level. This is displayed through historyRead MoreEquality Does N ot Mean Equity : Gay Marriage Rights1891 Words   |  8 PagesEquality Does Not Mean Equity: Gay Marriage Rights Today, is known as a joyous or radiant matter to some but a disgraceful or even a sinful issue to others. Equality and equity are two important terms that are often confused and misused. Both of these terms are used to illustrate justice and creating fairness in societies today, but for some reason, these words are often misunderstood. Equality is known as another meaning for sameness and equal treatment. Equity is known as another meaning for fairnessRead MoreRacial Equality And Racial Equity During World War II1649 Words   |  7 Pagesracial resistance and equity. The renowned instance of Brown v. The Board of Education, decided that different instructive offices were innately equivalent. While combination remained generally a court administering on paper, isolation persevered as a reality in the public eye. African Americans understood that change ought to be moved towards the courts of their own groups. Only a short year after the Brown case, a standout amongst the most groundbreaking stirrings for racial equity started on DecemberRead MorePower Struggles And Its Impact On Society Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pagesin mind. This is where equality comes in. It allows both groups to exist in the state however denies the boundaries that are still faced among oppressed groups. This shows the importance of equity. With it, exists a state that provides all needs necessary for everyone to succeed. Imagine going to a sporting event and watching the game over a fence. For every person there, one crate is provided for him or her to stand on to see above the fence. This is an example of equality because everyone is givenRead MoreGender Inequality Between Men And Women1255 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment, agencies and policy makers (Unterhalter 2007). 3.3 USAID`S Gender Equality Framework USAID`S Gender Equality Framework draws the difference between the concepts of gender parity, gender equity and gender equality, while these terms are used intergeably, Gender Equality Framework clarifies the distinction and interrelationship between the three concepts of parity, equity and equality.While the USAID`S Gender Equality Framework expresses a subtle difference between these three concepts, it also

The Renaissance Painting Leonardo Da Vinci And Leonardo...

â€Å"New technical knowledge like the study of anatomy, artists achieved new heights in portraiture, landscape, and mythological and religious paintings†, Carol Strickland stated in her book â€Å"The Annotated Mona Lisa† (32). During the Renaissance period, artists discovered new techniques, that gave paintings and sculptures more character. It seems, the paintings that were created during this time, have multiple layers that give the paintings more meaning and makes the painting livelier. An artist before the Renaissance period used tempera paint on a wood panel. However, artists creating art during the Renaissance period used fresco on plaster walls and oil on stretched canvas. Using these type of materials, helped give the paintings more†¦show more content†¦These paintings have such an illusionary element throughout the pictures. One of the paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, I found interesting was â€Å"The Creation of Adam†. Michelan gelo created this painting to symbolize a Zeus-type God who transmitted life into Adam. It’s believed he used two nude males to show their emotions and ambitions. I find Michelangelo’s creation of the Sistine Chapel ceiling fascinating and, it seems, he was telling stories of the Bible through his individual pictures. The only weak point of the work of art is that the ceiling is seven-five feet high. One cannot fully enjoy the paintings because the art is on such a high surface. If the art wasn’t on such a high surface, one would be able to analyze the artwork and see the religious meaning. Personally, I believe the Sistine Chapel is a timeless classic because, throughout the decades, the meaning behind this picture has not changed. This painting will always have a powerful religious meaning. Society cannot change the meaning of it, even though the Bible has created new Testaments. Michelangelo’s version of what he created was based on the testament durin g the Renaissance period when he created this art. During the Italian Renaissance, Michelangelo shared the spotlight with another artist Leonardo Da Vinci. Leonardo Da Vinci was a famous artist during the Italian Renaissance period. Before becoming an artist, he was a military engineer and a biologist. Leonardo Da Vinci wasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Da Vincis Work as Being Reflective and Definitive of the Renaissance Period948 Words   |  4 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci and the Renaissance Period Objective The objective of this work examines the how Leonardo Da Vincis work is reflective and definitive of the Renaissance period and as well, describes some of Da Vincis art. This work will discuss the use of line, form, color, texture, and materials as found within one of his works and will state reasons this time period was chosen to examine in this work and why it is found to be appealing. Introduction Leonardo Da Vince was born April 15,Read MoreLeonardo Da Vinci s The Last Supper And Mona Lisa1030 Words   |  5 Pagescom, the article about the writer, mathematician, inventor, and artist Leonardo da Vinci states that, â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci was a leading artist ad intellectual of the Italian Renaissance who’s known for his enduring works â€Å"The Last Supper† and â€Å"Mona Lisa† †. Leonardo da Vinci was born in Vinci, Italy on April 15, 1452. He was born out of wedlock being raised by his father Ser Piero along with his stepmothers. Leonardo da Vinci was into the laws of science and nature, which played a major role withRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci, the Epitome of the Italian Renaissance Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesItalian Renaissance. This renowned city was famous for supplying some of the best artists in the world and for creating the some of the world’s most treasured art. Leonardo da Vinci, possibly one of the greatest painters in th e world, was born in Florence and lived his adulthood in Florence, the essence and heart of the Italian Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci virtually changed the world and the Italian Renaissance by greatly influencing it with his fresh and unique ideas. Leonardo da Vinci, one ofRead MoreThe Last Supper : A Painting Painted Leonardo Da Vinci1569 Words   |  7 PagesSeptember 2015 The Last Supper The Last Supper is a mural painted Leonardo da Vinci. He was considered a â€Å"Renaissance Man.† Leonard da Vinci was born in 1452 in a village a few miles from Vinci, Italy. His father, Piero da Vinci was a Florentine notary and his mother was believed to be a peasant woman named Caterina. Leonardo da Vinci did not have much formal training outside of reading, writing, and math. At the age of 14, Leonardo da Vinci became an apprentice to the artist Verrocchio. He learnedRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And His Contributions To Western Civilization1200 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Leonardo da Vinci and His Contributions to Western Civilization Leonardo da Vinci is one of the most famous artists to have ever lived, and his contributions to the development of western civilization are irrefutable. Born on April 15, 1452, near Florence, Italy, one would not have guessed that he was destined for a life of greatness. He was the illegitimate child of an up-and-coming notary and a peasant girl, and he spent most of his childhood with his doting father (â€Å"Da Vinci - The RenaissanceRead MoreHumanism : Leonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance1459 Words   |  6 PagesHumanism is the belief that man has dignity and worth, therefore, the life on Earth should be cherished rather than just simply endured. This philosophy or intellectual movement initiated the Renaissance. During the middle ages, elements of daily life were strictly structured around the church and religion. However, toward the beginning of the 14th century, the power of the Church began to significantly decline. This was sparked by the Bubonic plague. The plague was viewed as a punishment fromRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : The Most Famous For His Art1448 Words   |  6 Pages3/29/16 Leonardo Da Vinci When hearing the name Leonardo da Vinci, what comes to mind? For many people it will be his artwork. This is because of all of the accomplishments da Vinci has, he is most famous for his art. What many people don’t know was that he was also a scientist, inventor, and philosopher. Da Vinci lived in a time period known as the Renaissance. This was a time of knowledge and enlightenment, and it gave birth to many of the world’s most talented and educated people. Leonardo da VinciRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance Era1572 Words   |  7 Pagesmasterpieces are created to represent the time of its creation. During the Renaissance Era, the humanist and classical values of art flourished. One of the great masters of the Renaissance known as Leonardo Da Vinci, dominated the period of the High Renaissance. The values of the Renaissance exist in the works of Leonardo Da Vinci portrayed through his paintings of Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and Salvator Mundi. The Renaissance Era was a period in Europe that lasted between the 14th century and 17thRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : A Renaissance Man1112 Words   |  5 PagesLeonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and military engineer which is the perfect example of a â€Å"Renaissance man.† With a curious mind, da Vinci studied the laws of science and nature, which greatly informed his work. His ideas and body of work have influenced countless artists and made da Vinci a great influence of the Italian Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, near the village of Vinci about 25 miles west of Florence. He was the illegitimate sonRead MoreThe Quintessential Renaissance Man1083 Words   |  5 PagesQuintessential Renaissance Man Imagine Italy from the 14th to the 17th century. This time period is known as the Renaissance. In the time of the Renaissance there were many great minds, but one in particular stood out from the rest. This man was a writer, a mathematician, an inventor, and a world renowned artist. This man was Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci, by definition, is the quintessential Renaissance man. Leonardo da Vinci was â€Å"born on April 15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy† (â€Å"Leonardo†) â€Å"Leonardo was

Australian Taxation Law for Sole Trader -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Taxation Law for Sole Trader. Answer: Introduction A sole trader operates all the business by him or herself, there is no difference between the business and the trader. The owner of the business has a total control over the business and owns all the business assets and most importantly the owner of the business is responsible for all the business expenses and liabilities. In order to do business as a sole trader, the owner must understand that he is the business and personally liable for the business liabilities. Considering the legal perspective the business is not a separate legal entity from the owner but the owner and the business is one entity. As sole trader one should be aware of the tax as well as other legal requirements, the content of this paper offers tax advice to a client operating a business in Australia. Generally a sole trader pays tax at the individual marginal rate which means the tax rate is above the 30% paid by companies but on the other hand enjoys tax reliefs as well as other benefits discussed in the content of the paper. Tax implication for a sole trader Before starting any business entity, an entrepreneur should consider various legal requirements which in this case includes is taxation rate for a sole trader. There are various tax related implication which a sole proprietor should have knowledge and consider before starting the normal business operations.[1] As sole trader, one should always report to the Australian tax authorities concerning the net income generated in addition to other income and taxed at a personal marginal tax rate. Among other things, a sole proprietor should have consideration for personal asset protection as well as capital gain tax.[2] Another tax implication that should be considered by a sole trader is distribution of the capital as well as the income. Finally, a sole trader should be aware of the cost of setting up the business as well as the running or maintenance cost as this will help with the calculation of the profits as tax. As a sole proprietor there is no difference between the business and the owner of the business, a sole trader therefore pays the same tax as individual player. As sole trader in Australia, one will pay taxes at the normal income tax rates. A sole trader should therefore be aware of the normal tax income rates. If the business is below the tax free threshold level a sole trader will not pay tax just a normal individual.[3] The tax free threshold currently at $ 18,200 for both sole traders and individuals, in case the business worth and the overall income of the trader is below the threshold, the business and the owner will not pay taxes. And this is always an advantage to a sole proprietor since companies as well as other entities pat taxes for every dollar the entity makes. A sole trader business is taxed at the normal individual rate making sole traders to enjoy the tax free threshold in situations where the sole business is below the threshold rate. In relation to what a sole proprietor should pay as tax at the end of every month of financial year, an entrepreneur operating as a sole trader should be aware of the taxation rates paid by individuals in Australia. A sole trader should therefore use the income tax rates set for individual income earners within the nation as follows: $1 $18,200 - Nil $18,201 $37,000 - 19c for each $1 over $18,200 $37,001 $80,000 - $3,572 plus 32.5c for each $1 over $37,000 $80,001 $180,000 - $17,547 plus 37c for each $1 over $80,000 $180,001 and over - $54,547 plus 45c for each $1 over $180,000 As already discussed above, when a sole proprietor earns the amount above $ 1 but below the threshold mark of $18,200 the business will in this case make nil returns but in the case where the business and the sole trader makes cash above $18,200 but below $ 37,000, the sole trader will have to pay 19c for every dollar made.[4] A sole trader will file returns of $3500 and additional 32.5c for every dollar below $80,000. In any case the business makes lager amount according then $80,000, the sole trader will have to file $17547 and additional 37c for every dollar made below $180, 000 and finally a sole trader will pay $54,547 plus 45c for every dollar made above $180,000. A sole trader should therefore understand the calculator and pay tax as required by ATO. It is advisable for a sole proprietor to take notice of the some of the obligation set by ATO. As an entrepreneur operating as a sole proprietor the business owner should use his or her individual tax file number when logging to the tax returns since the business and the owner is a single entity. The business owner as mentioned prior should report all the income generated within the tax returns. In relation to the income tax reports, a sole proprietor should be aware that there is no separate tax returns for a sole trader and should use the section for business items to indicate the business income and overall expenses incurred during the trading period.[5] A sole trader should also be aware of ABN, apply for the ABN and utilize it for all the business dealings. Moreover, it is a requirement by ATO for sole traders to register for Goods and Service Tax also known as the GST incase the business turnover is $75,000 and above. [6] As sole proprietor, it is advisable for a sole trader to pay tax at a similar income tax rates as an individual taxpayer. Payment of taxes at the same rate by a sole proprietor will therefore enable a sole proprietor to be eligible to small business tax offsets. Tax offsets are suitable for any business unit since it boots the profit generated by an entity. An individual sole proprietor should also put aside money to settle the end of every financial or trading year. This is usually done by paying Quarterly Pay As You Go (PAYG) installments. According to the ATO, a sole proprietor can claim deduction for any personal contributions he or she makes after notifying the funds to ATO. On the other hand a sole trader should understand that, he or she cannot make deduction claims for any dollar drawn from the business. According to Australian Tax Office any amount drawn from the business are not considered as wages for the purposes of tax as some of the sole traders always taken them or thi n about them as wages. Claims laid on such drawings are therefore invalid and cannot be settled.[7] Conclusion Venturing as a sole proprietor is advisable as sole proprietors pay taxes individual as other citizens in Australia. A sole trader pay tax as individual with the normal rate set by Australian Tax Office. Venturing as sole trader is suitable as the owner of the business do not need to pay tax for every dollar made in the business. The business owner may also enjoy the tax threshold rate, in the case where the business makes money below the threshold rate set by the ATO ($18,200). Finally, the business owner can also enjoy benefits for small business if the returns are persistently paid. References Woellner, R. H., CCH Australia Limited. (2011). Australian taxation law 2011. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia. Woellner, R. O. B. I. N. H. E. T. A. L. (2017). AUSTRALIAN TAXATION LAW 2017. S.l.: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. Woellner, R. H., CCH Australia Limited. (2013). Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.: CCH Australia. Woellner, R. H., CCH Australia Limited. (2013). Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.: CCH Australia. Woellner, R. H. (2012). Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.: CCH Australia. Nethercott, L., Richardson, G. A., Devos, K., CCH Australia Limited. (2010). Australian taxation study manual: Questions and suggested solutions. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia. Woellner, R. H. (2010). Australian taxation law 2010. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia. Woellner, R. H., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D., CCH Australia Limited. (2014). Australian taxation law 2014. Krever, R. E. (2014). Australian taxation law cases 2014: A guide to the leading cases for commerce and law students.

Los Angeles (LAs) City

Introduction Los Angeles is ranked second largest city in United States of America. It was founded by Chinese in 1781 and acquired city status in 1850. Los Angeles is home to a number of ethnicity groups; and a metropolitan city. The city covers an area of 3,041.3/km2 (The Official Web Site of The City of Los Angeles, 2010). This paper focuses on a population study of this city; it will look into birth rate, age distribution, population trends, death rates, immigration and emigration, population growth rate, and how these factors affect the society.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Los Angeles (LA’s) City specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Population California Department of Finance estimated the population of the city in January 2009 at 4, 094,047. Conversely, the census conducted in 2000 held the population at 3,694,820. The same census recorded a total of 1,275,412 households. There were 798,719 p eople. The population density was 7,876.8 people per square mile. The population is composed of a number of tribes with white Americans being the majority with 46.9%; African American follows with 11.2%; Asians with 10.5% and other small tribes, which include Native American makes the remaining percentage. Females are the majority forming 50.2% while men form a population of 49.8%, the median age of the population standards at 31.7 %. The population from the above analysis is seen to be (mainly) young and thus there have been a decreased number of employment activities. The change in population stands at 4.6%. This is a rate that is supported by improved living conditions, medical development, and youthful population (Johnson, 2003). Migration and Emigration Migration and emigration may be both legal and illegal. Ministry of foreign affairs is the one that is responsible to administer issues affecting immigrating and emigration. Every country has a legal way that defines the process to be when a foreigner is entering or staying in the country. Illegal immigration is the violation of these procedures, rules and restrictions; it involves the movement of people across borders without legal permission of the destination country. In Los Angeles the population of work force is composed of 46% immigrants. Modern immigrants are mostly from African and Arabian countries. Illegal immigration has for a long period been a bother to both developed and developing countries. Illegal immigration is triggered by factors either in country of origin or country of destination. They have more negative effects to the country of destination than the positive contribution that they make. However, there are measures that can be put in place to reverse the trend (Anon, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Death and Birth rate Birth rate is 15.1 in every 1000 people; this is a percentage of 1.51%. Death rate stands at 6.1 in every 1000; this translates to 0.61%. The increased birthrate is mostly brought about by young population and high levels of immigrants. Health facilities are highly improved and available and thus they have encouraged a better life improvement. The increased population of the city has resulted in various positive and negative effects. Positive Effects of Increased Population With the increased population there is a higher demand for goods and services that make locally brand internationally recognized. This has facilitated trade in the city. Tourism is a major source of revenue in the city and with increased influx of temporary immigrants as tourism; the country has experienced an increase in foreign revenue. High population is a local market that leads to development in the city. High population is a source of labor; high population leads to high supply of cheap labor. Cheap labor makes the production of goods and services to be low. This assists in manufacturing of low cost goods. Innovation is facilitated by an increased population. This is due to different interactions which might lead to a breakthrough in a certain issue. Negative Effects High population offers a strain in social services. The provision of social services is affected if a country is highly populated. There are some scarce resources and an increase in population only offers a strain to the existing amenities. These are in road and transport services provision, health factors, education, and recreational facilities. With an increased population there is an increased pollution. Pollution is when the economy is making efforts to feed the population. Social crime is on the rise in the city; this has been facilitated by the increased population. Crime calls for more social security which strains the government provision. Unemployment especially in today’s economic crisis that started in 2007 has increased. With high unemployment rat e the city’s amenities are strained. Unemployment in 2007 stood at 5.2% (Bachman, 2008). Conclusion Los Angeles is the second largest city in United States. The city is metropolitan where trade is facilitated through international participation and domestic trade. It gained city status in 1850. It is home to a number of ethnic communities. The city covers an area 3,041.3/km2. Unemployment stood at 5.2 in 2007. It has a well developed infrastructures and social amenities, which have resulted in increased population.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Los Angeles (LA’s) City specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Anon. (2009). Los Angeles, California, 2007. World Almanac Book of Facts, 332. Retrieved from Master FILE Premier database. Bachman, K. (2008). Los Angeles. Media Week, 18(9), 32. Retrieved from Master FILE Premier database. Johnson, J. (2003). â€Å"Los Angeles.† Dict ionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 5. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 151-155. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. The Official Web Site of the City of Los Angeles. (2010). Los Angeles Highlights. Retrieved from https://www.lacity.org/ This research paper on Los Angeles (LA’s) City was written and submitted by user Regan Vasquez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Two Conversation and Imagination Poems by Coleridge free essay sample

This paper discusses two poems by Samuel Taylor Coleridge from the Romantic period of the English literature. This paper discusses the differences between Samuel Taylor Coleridges two poems: Frost at Midnight, and Pains of Sleep. These two poems are of different themes and forms and yet exhibit the creativeness found in Coleridges works. The author also explains how Coleridge was also a literary critic who defined the category of conversation and imagination poems. Pains of Sleep is another literary work from Coleridge, and it was written in 1803. Contrary to the melancholy tone yet positive outlook of the poets behavior in Frost at Midnight, Pains of Sleep shows the agony experienced by the poet in his struggle to overcome his opium addiction and its after-effect. The poem discusses Coleridges fear of sleep, and of dreaming. It is evident in the poems anguished tone that it Coleridge describes his agony in descriptive detail. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Conversation and Imagination Poems by Coleridge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pains of Sleep is categorized as an example of an imagination poem, a poem that contains brilliant imagery and supernatural elements, and is far-off from the ordinary world of people. Imagery during the Romantic period is a powerful tool to express a message in creative and descriptive detail, and is often referred to as the sensations that language creates in the mind.

Animal Abuse Problem

Animal Abuse Problem Animal abuse is defined as a deliberate infliction of psychological pain, distress, deprivation, or death of an animal by human beings. Animal abuses occur every time human beings fail to meet the animals’ basic needs. In general, animal abuses comprise of all intentional, socially, and unacceptable behaviors that threatens the welfare of our fellow animals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Abuse Problem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such behaviors include kicking, throwing, malicious killing, use of animals for research and entertainment, and neglect and failure to provide an animal with adequate food and veterinary care. Notably, in our factory farms millions of animals such as dairy cows, sheep, pigs, and chickens suffer extremely in the production of food, clothing, and other animal products for human consumption. Surprisingly, many individuals in our society are unaware of these sufferings inflic ted on animals. In the USA, 70% of all human foods comprises of animal products. These animal products are produced behind closed barn doors that house the animals producing them. Before the 20th century, cattle, pigs, and poultry in the USA used to roam in green pastures. However, the increase in human population has forced farm factories to confine these animals to specific cages to meet the ever- increasing demand for animal products. Most meat products are produced in farm industries that confine, mistreat, and deny the animals their natural behavior needs. Although these practices should be unlawful, amendments to the Animal Cruelty Act have seen animals excluded from being treated fairly. As such, these farm factories are almost free to subject their animals to severe suffering with the intention of increasing their products. Dairy cows In developed countries, industrialization of agriculture has seen dairy cows being exploited to meet the increase in demand for milk (Schmid 1 ). As compared to the dairy cows reared 60 years ago, modern dairy cows have been demeaned from cattle to objects. Currently, dairy cows produce 3 times the milk they could have produced at that time. This has been made possible through modern technologies that have focused on improving the animals’ udder size and production. Currently, dairy cows are confined in barns or drylot feed yards. In these cages, the animals are confined indoors for the whole year denying them their right to roam and feel the heat of the sun (Rimas Evan 12). More often, lactating cows are restrained in stalls forcing them to stand in between manure and a mixture of storm water. Dairy farms have adopted genetic selection and selective feeding programs with the aim of increasing milk production. It should be noted that cows’ bodies do not adapt quickly to the high-grained feeds fed to them in the farm factories. Therefore, these feeding methods should be blamed for the increase in metabolic di sorders among the dairy cows.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Because of being fed and raised in an unnatural environment, these animals have become more vulnerable to the cattle disease that they would have resisted unrestrained. Among the diseases that these cattle have become vulnerable to is mastitis. According to the veterinary experts, millions of dairy cows suffer from the disease causing them to endure painful infections of their udders. After birth, calves are separated from their mothers. Thereafter, male calves are castrated, or killed for veal (Burros 1). Given the fact that these calves are not given opportunities to live their normal lives, human beings should feel compassion for such animals. On the other hand, female calves are raised in special stalls until they are mature enough to be impregnated. In their stalls, these animals are subjected to intense suffering through removal of extra teats, tail docking, and dehorning. In the US, it is estimated that thousands of dairy cow’s calves succumb to scours and diarrhea. Chickens Just like the dairy cows, chickens are subjected to intense suffering in the poultry farms. By being subjected through battery farming methods, chickens are forced to live in tiny cages that do not allow them to turn around. In these cages, the birds cannot stretch their wings, walk around, or sit comfortably while laying eggs (Ginzburg 1). To avoid birds from fighting one another, their beaks are cut off using sharp metals through painful enduring processes. Some animal activists have real footages of poultry workers mistreating these animals. In these footages, some workers have been captured handling the birds in hostile ways, shoving the birds into their cages, and crushing the birds’ feet in the cage doors. Through these footages, it is heartbreaking to imagine the kind of suffering chickens undergo through in their cages. According to some articles, when a bird limb is stuck in the cage parts, the bird is immobilized and if the animal is not rescued in time, it will die a slow painful death. With these kinds of heartbreaking deaths that chicken endures in their poultry farmers, it is high time that consumers should be concerned with the welfare of these animals and campaigned against their inhumane treatments. In the USA, 97% of all the eggs consumed are from chickens reared in cages. The above percentage is disturbing considering the extent of suffering endured by birds reared in battery cages.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Abuse Problem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pigs In farm industries, pigs are the other victims of animal suffering. Immediately they are born, they are forced to bear agonizing surgical procedures such as tail docking and castration (Bdale 1). Afterwards, they are denied their chance to be with their mother by being taken away and locked in crowded enclosures. While pregnant, their mothers are locked up in tiny cages for up to 16 weeks. Usually, the cages are so small that the animals cannot walk around or turn around. In the cages, these animals have to endure boredom and depression. Prior to giving birth, the animals are relocated to smaller cages referred to as farrowing crates (Bdale 1). When they give birth, the piglets can suckle from outside the farrowing crates. Since their mother is trapped between the tiny cages, the piglets can hurt her nipples without her defending herself. Based on the above real experiences, it is heartbreaking to imagine the extent of pain pigs have to endure through to meet the pork demand. Human beings should realize that pigs feel pain, undergo through stress, and suffer just as our pets. Therefore, we should look for better ways of reducing and ending the suffering, we have subjected pigs in our factor y farms. An example of an organization aimed at reducing animal suffering In the USA, several organizations have been formed to attempt to reduce the suffering of animals in farm industries. American Humane is such an organization formed with the aim of safeguarding children and animals’ welfares. This nonprofit organization has been concerned with the way animals are being treated in our farms. Currently, through its extended programs the organization is engaged in trying to improve farm programs. Through this program, the organization aims at ensuring that farms certified under their programs meet the required animal welfare standards. Despite the relentless efforts of such organizations to end animal suffering, billions of animals continue to die and suffer from the inhumane conditions of our factory farms. According to underground investigations, most animal products for human consumption are the products of horrific deaths.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is facts that as long as human beings are going to depend on animal products for consumption animal suffering will continue to persist. In this regard, animal activists, governments, and the consumers should be committed to preventing, ending, and denouncing animal suffering. Equally, appropriate regulations should be formulated to lessen the suffering and improve the welfare of these animals. Researchers should work tirelessly to ensure they design appropriate facilities for farm animals. These facilities should be stress free and enhance the welfare of the animals. Similarly, appropriate slaughtering methods should be designed to reduce the pain endured by animals in slaughterhouses. In conclusion, human beings should note that they are morally obligated to let animals enjoy the brief lives before they are slaughtered. As such, it will be more appropriate if animal farms allowed these animals to roam freely in their habitats. Equally, animal slaughterhouses should adopt ethical means of slaughtering these animals. Likewise, if we humans preach and practice civilized morals in our society, animal suffering in our farm factories should be put to an end because animals have every right to enjoy their existence as we humans. Burros, Marian. Veal to Love, Without the Guilt NYTimes.com. The New York Times Breaking News, World News Multimedia . Version 1. N.p., 18 Apr. 2007. Web. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/18/dining/18veal.html?searchResultPosition=1mtrref=www.nytimes.com. Bdale, David. Factory Farms Revealed: Animal Abuse and Cruelty | The Last Newspaper. The Last Newspaper | Rowan University Comp 1 Fall 2010 Hodges. Version 1 . N.p., 13 Oct. 2010. Web. Ginzburg, Ralph. ANIMAL-RIGHTS GROUP ASSAILS EGG FARM New York Times. The New York Times Breaking News, World News Multimedia. Version 1. N.p., 17 Jan. 1988. Web. https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/17/nyregion/animal-rights-group-assails-egg-farm.html?searchResultPosition=1. Rimas, Andrew, and Evan D. G . Fraser. Beef: the untold story of how milk, meat, and muscle shaped the world . New York, NY: William Morrow, 2008. Print. Schmid, Ronald F. The untold story of milk: the history, politics and science of natures perfect food : raw milk from pasture-fed cows. Rev. and updated. ed. Washington, DC: NewTrends Pub., 2009. Print.

Effects of Loss Aversion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Effects of Loss Aversion - Research Paper Example This gives an explanation of curvilinear shape of prospect theory. The same philosophers argue that people prefer risks to exposing themselves to losses. This theory also explains sunk cost theory. The theory applies that, when one lose $100, he will be more satisfied than a person who losses $100 windfall. In reference to marketing, we make use of trial periods or rebates with the aim of taking advantage of the tendency of the buyers. This is to value the gods more than the incorporation in the status quo (Kahneman, Knetsch, & Thaler 10). It is crucial note that, despite the fact that transactions are framed on losses or gains, is significant to have the following calculation. Is there a discount or a surcharge? Change in price is differently framed and has impacts on loss aversion. In reference traditional economist, loss aversion together with other endowment effect is irrational. This is the reason why they ate highly essential in the field of behavioral finance and marketing. Th is effect was demonstrated together with other effects in a customer reaction study, which related insurance policies and price changes. From the study, they found that prices raises customer reaction twice in case of its alteration (Kahneman, Knetsch, & Thaler 10). Research question This proposal encompasses effects of loss aversion. It also contains different ideas relating to the theory. Objectives To lean all the effects and impacts of loss aversion Methodology This proposal entails ideas from different individuals. This is to ensure that the research is all rounded and is suit for further empirical studies. In reference to results from different philosophers, there is a need to apply different methodologies to ensure to enhance reliability and completeness of the research. These methodologies entail questionnaires, experiments, interviews, surveys among others. These methodologies are applied in different fields of study, in respect with their fitness. In this case, questionnai res will be applicable in instances, where there is some level of specification. The setting of questionnaires will be different in reference with the target group. Questionnaires and interviews are the key research methodologies. However, interviewing is effective in areas where the research expected is to be analyzed with some level of formality. Other methods are supplements of the above methodologies. Literature review Colin Camerer is Rea and Lela Axline professor of business economics at California institute of technology. Camerer investigates decision making with regards to psychophysical considerations. His thesis in this journal is that; St. Petersburg paradox might be explained using loss aversion without concave utility. He goes further to defend it by saying it is theoretically useful; is a principle that can explain many puzzles economically, given that it has the correct psychological foundation. This was published by the American marketing association (Kahneman, Knets ch, & Thaler 11). The author’s main interest is in finding out whether; loss aversion is an expression of fear, or a stable preference fear and properties in loss aversion. According to Camerer, prospect theory has the power to explain how people value risk. A fruitful and parsimonious alternative, to the expected theory of utility is introduced by prospect theory. It as well introduces psychophysical and perceptual perspective in thinking about money, goods and risks. In the findings is a

Who Gets to Let States Back into the Union Assignment

Who Gets to Let States Back into the Union - Assignment Example Later, Andrew Johnson, a ‘paragon’ of the Southern Unionism, was appointed the military governor of Tennessee by the President, Abraham Lincoln (Para 3). Johnson after being granted control of Tennessee started working for the assimilation of Tennessee with the Union by organizing a civil government based on the principles laid down in the constitution of the United States of America. He stunned his constituents by siding with the Republicans who favored oppressive Reconstruction for the South. Johnson took aggressive and stern action against those not willing to show allegiance to the Union by going to the extent of declaring execution of mutineers. He was very hard with the secessionist powers, and declared, â€Å"Treason must be made odious, and traitors must be punished.† (Para 4) He was firm in his belief that loyal Tennesseans would become role-models for Confederates to embrace the Union but he lacked the diplomacy of Abraham Lincoln. President Lincoln presented in December 1863 the â€Å"Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction† plan, popularly named the 10 percent plan (Para 6). As per the plan, 10 percent of the population would take the oath of allegiance to the Union and government could be organized. Johnson wanted the â€Å"tall poppies† to fall down; he was least worried about the threats from cavalry leaders and citizens (Para 6). Johnson was severe in dealing with the Confederates and Unionists to swear that they â€Å"desire[d] the suppression of the present insurrection† (Para 6). After Johnson became the Vice-President, William Brownlow became the Governor but as the things turned out after the assassination of Lincoln, Johnson became the President. His partial attitude towards white men became the reason for starting an ideological struggle in the White House for Reconstruction.  

What do you think is responsible for the political and economic Essay

What do you think is responsible for the political and economic stagnation in many postcolonial states - Essay Example Obtaining independence, many postcolonial states received an opportunity to transform their political and economic systems and improve the structure of the government and social life. Two processes have changed the political and economic map of the world and created new challenges and opportunities for enterprises in the periphery of the global economy. Legitimatization has mainly drawn on the prescriptions of neo-classical economics. Deregulation of domestic economic life, less state intervention in economic activities, and fewerobstacles to international trade: these are the main tenets of neo-liberal policy. Earlier experiments in free market economics have usually led to the revival of regulatory efforts in order to secure social and political stability and the continued legitimacy of the state. Failing this they have generated social revolutions or else 'free' markets have been maintained under the cover of armed dictatorship.The main agents responsible to the political and econ omic stagnation in postcolonial states are local political figures and state leaders concentrated on productivity issues and creation of wealth at the expense of local populations and exploitation of natural resources. Sandbrook & Barker (1995) and Tordoff (2002) state that African countries suffer from so called ‘neopatrimonialism’ or personal rule, promoted and introduced economic and political irrationalities in these postcolonial states. ... he prevalence of household production decreases, opportunities are created for small enterprises, either in rural areas, which leads to an increase in non-agricultural activities, or in urban areas, due to the migration fuelled by increased efficiency of agriculture, land shortage, etc. (Hoogvelt 2001). The increase in informal enterprise is a part of an industrialization process which both creates openings for manufacturing enterprises but also increases the opportunities for trade in their products. Tordoff (2002) suggests that a large part of the problem is to be found in the business environment created before independence. Following Sandbrook & Barker (1995) a transition in Zimbabwe calls for the establishment of a neutral framework for different kinds of enterprises, what has been called 'good governance,' rather than sector specific efforts. Sandbrook & Barker analyze what this would imply for Zimbabwe, focusing on a number of regulations still in force which directly work aga inst the interests of entrepreneurs. However, the structural disadvantages of small enterprises are such that continued efforts to ameliorate the by now well-known problems of small entrepreneurs are needed. However, these tasks do not need to be carried out by central government agencies, and should be entrusted to local governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) both of which can more easily tailor support measures to the manifest needs of their clients. "African states are not, in any real sense, capitalist states. Productive economic activities are impeded by the political instability, systemic corruption and maladministration associated with personal rule" (Sandbrook & Barker 1995, p. 1). The development of enterprises has been discouraged by policies which favoured the

Managing The Human Capital Commerce Essay

Managing The Human Capital Commerce Essay Human Resource Management (HRM) is one of the most important strategies in organisations. HRM practices and policies is taking shape and affecting the employees experiences in organization. It also provides relationship between employees and employer. According to, Turner, Keegan Hueman , if the company wants to be effective and successful, HRM functions has to be integrated into the various organisational strategy. (Turner, Keegan Hueman 2006,317).  According to this model, HRM functions its goals and aims, need to be aligned with the strategy of the organization.   Today, human resource policy on organisation performance research has changed from micro to more general, strategic macro level. It was used to set of policies designed to maximize organizational integration, employee commitment, flexibility and quality of work.   This essay will aims to how strategic goals of HRM helps to organizations and how improve the company performance. Human resource management is relevant with planning, recruitment, training, motivation etc in an organization. The first aim of HRM is developing people through work and also managing employees or human resources. HRM check the employees side of company. In addition this it control benefits of people, career development, training and more functions. It is known that HRM do interview and explain company benefits by people at recent times bur roles of HRM is much bigger than only interview and company benefits. They bring many benefits to the company. Example1; There is a company in Shanghai called Portman. It was not such a good hotel just a few years ago. It was realized that costumer and employees satisfaction rate % 70-80 The Ritz-Carlton Company has been took over the hotel recently and new general manager Mark Decocinst set out to make new property for the hotel. That strategy has improved dramatically to costumer rate. The hotel is being called Best Employer in Asia at the moment and %98 employees satisfaction. C:Documents and SettingssamsungDesktopMHR assigmentaa.jpg Figure1 http://www.auhy69.dsl.pipex.com/images/b202/human%20resource%20cycle.jpg HRM explain that they have got five function all employees and managers perform; Planning, leading, staffing, organizing and controlling. HRM is very important for all the managers. For example, if you want to hire right person as a manager for the job or do not want to waste your time unless with a interview, HRM strategy will important for the manager. STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Strategic human resource means basically, executing and formulating HR policies. It makes strategic human resource plan like which knowledge or skills the employees should have, how to recruit, training, text etc. SHRM want to keep employees who can help to company or who have useful skills for the company. HRs purpose is to guide Human Resource Management and practise programs. Strategies provide vision for next term and how to vision should be realized in the organization. There are many types HR strategies however two of them are being identified. First one is overarching strategies and the second one is specific strategies. Example2; The Ritz Carlton and Signcasts human resource managers are involved in partnering with their top manager in both design and executing their companies strategies. (Desseler 2008) Example3; Facing rising pressures from classic grocers and from online firm, Albertons with 23,000 employees and 2,500 food stares had to improve their performance. The companys basic strategy maximizing get back product on invested capital and focus to costumer provide to growth. In addition this company also aim to employing technology and energizing associates Albersons management relied on their HR manager to help the company active its strategic goals. It was helped to company with training, pay and other HR politics. (Desseler, 2008) Job Analysis Job analysis makes that which kind of employee should keep or hire for the job. It organises that human behaviours, performance standards, work activities, human recruitment or job context. For example; work activates information is being collected such as buying, selling, transporting etc. C:Documents and SettingssamsungDesktopMHR assigmentjon analysis.jpg Figure 2 http://www.ppbafrica.com/images/ppbstrategy.jpg Example 4 ; Mercedes Benz was assembled organization in Arkansas and managers confused. They could not give a job, training or pay the company employees unless they knew that what staff expectation was. They needed a job description for each employee however in this organization their duties and jobs could change every day. Unfortunately, they could manage to do job analysis but they could not implement. There are many advantages of job analysis on the company. First off all, it provides that what skills are required to this activity. Secondly, Job description helps requisite skills and training. (Desseler, 2008) Recruitment and Selection Process Recruitment basically selects an employee for the company. When the department of the company select a person, they try to choose a high quality person with low coast. First off all, they decided to what position needs an employee secondly, recruitment build a pool for the people who apply the job and then candidates fill application forms. After those steps the department implement physical exams and test for the candidates and finally they decided that who is going to offer for the job position to supervisor or manager. C:Documents and SettingssamsungDesktopMHR assigmentrec f.jpg Figure 3 http://www.magautarecruitment.co.za/images/recruitment%20process.jpg Example 5; The Cheesecake Factory has opened 110 restaurant and it adds 20 chain each year. The company interviews 24,000 people per year. It is too much recruits for the company. Manager of the company says that one interview is not enough to choose right person and it makes huge amount money and big time too. Because of that reasons it was established a recruitment department in the company. (Desseler, 2008) The recruitment process starts with employment planning. It is decide to which position in the firm is going to be filled and how it is going to do. That has to follow the organizations plans. Example6; JPS Unihase decided to expand. It was known that number of employees have to increase from 140 to 750. They had to do a plan about who are going hire as employees and when the plan will be put in to plans. (Desseler, 2008) Example7; British Airways included self-assessment, application forms, testing, group selection centres, and interview. 2.3 Training Training improves employees knowledge, skill and attitude. Employees who have more knowledge give the company get higher performance from the staff. As a first step the company identify that which type of training need to give its worker. Second step should decided to training program like; activities, workshop or exercise. The next step can be validation the steps. There are many training types are being using. The company should decided which they need and should choose the best one. The training can be given to new employees and exist staff too. If the training is giving new staff it aims to teach the job to new people. If the training giving exist employees it teach new technology or new events for the company. Example7; Samsung Company provides its employees many courses to learn and develop staff ability knowledge and skills. The company gives the staff opportunities to go oversee to learn more. For example centre of design go to outside of the county or can get to work famous people. In addition this manager of Samsung led launched a design revolution; IBM designer was invited from the USA to design company designers by the manager. 370 designers in the design centre and the company gives them a change to go the best schools which gives design education in the USA. With the developing technology many companies use online training nowadays. For example, Saba.com offers web-training course for its staff. Example8; Honda decided to build a new company in Alabama and it had to provide thousand employees. 18,000 people applied the job. The employment agency screened and eliminated. About 340 have stated to get training and finally some of them graduated from the training. Honda teams interview the candidates, looked at the training scores and decided to who can get the job. And then they were performed drug test and finally they were get 3 days orientation. It was quite long procedure but Honda want to get the best ones for the job. (Desseler, 2008) 2.4 Motivation: Probably almost everybody need some intelligence, knowledge base, study skills, and time management skills, but if someone does not have motivation, he or she wont get far. For example; you have a car with a full tank of gas, a well-tuned engine, good set of tires, quadraphonic CD system, and a sleek, polished exterior. There it sits. This car has incredible potential. However, until a driver sits behind the wheel, puts the key in the ignition, and cranks it up, the car doesnt function. You guessed it; the key is motivation. Interest is an important motivator for a student. So is a desire to learn. When you link these two things together, you create success. Often success in an endeavour leads to more interest and a greater desire to learn, creating an upward spiral of motivation toward a goal you have established.(www.d.umn.edu) 2.5Knowledge Management Knowledge management is any process or practise or creating, acquiring, capturing, sharing and using knowledge, wherever it resides, to enhance learing and performance in organization (Armstrong,2006) INNOVATION AND HUMAN RESOURCE Innovation in human resource brings many benefits to company. Example9; Dell computer company created a HR call centres. It is being answered all the questions which comes from employees. Dell computer also prove to their employees self service personal transaction like, chancing benefits all location. Many companies try to use innovation their business such as computer or internet to get high performance and improving HR. Technology innovation also makes many think easier for example, it is so easy to reach all employees information or all staff salary, when they are going to holiday, all about employees.    Example10; IBM employed 350,000 people and they spreads around the world in many locations. They need to give induction for all new employees. The company ensure the people understand key of the system and processes. It was needed a way which provide reducing cost of faced induction. An online technology was created for the induction. it was invested $100 million. It is IBMs online innovation. http://member.edentree.co.uk/tree/resources/recruitment-and-induction/examples-of-recruitment-and-induction-in-practice/theory/good-practice-examples/welcome-stranger-online-induction-at-ibm.gp ORGANIZATIONAL CULTERE Culture is the important in an organization according to Andrzej H. David B. When you walk into hotel, a bank, a night club, or a company your first impressions tells you about the organization that you have just entered how friendly will it be? How expansive it will be? What kind of behaviour its expected This theory tells that very basic thing is the culture of the organization. An organization can be know with the culture if a company have good reputation then everybody know that company. Organizational culture is a set of shard assumptions, values and behaviours that characterize the functioning of and organization. Organizational Culture depend strongly rules, super visions and control on the employee. If a organization have good rules and have good control on employees then the organization will be best with reputation. Example11; The culture of a large, for-profit corporation is quite different than that of a hospital which is quite different than that of a university. It can be told that the culture of an organization by looking at the arrangement of furniture, what they brag about, what members wear, etc. similar to what you can use to get a feeling about someones personality. According to Wendell L. F.(1998 page 111) A work group is a number of persons, usually reporting to a common superior and having some face to face interaction, who have some degree of interdependence in carrying out tasks for the purpose of the achieving organizational goals. Organizations which have good teams and have good group of employers then the organizations outcome will the highest. A team or a group of employees can work more efficiently than the individuals. Organization can have big projects and a group can distribute the work and perform their duty with full attention and with full devotion and if there is some laziness in some employees that can be overcome in others works so groups work is best in organization. At this era of life, world is a global village the business in not so much small and there a numerous organizations which have different departments. If all the departments work together and coordinate with each other then the result will the most excellent. An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the organization finest Example11;McDonalds were expanding restaurants in India, when closing selected stores in the UK. The plan to change packaging, and uniform it will affect the culture of the organisation. McDonalds were diversifying, Mc Kids, and toys too. It is the HRM policies that will ensure a smooth changing. The major concern is the cultural change; HRM must ensure that staffs are involved in the changes allowing them to buy into the plans. The extension plans should run efficiently as all the policies and legislation should already be in place. The investment in Mc Kids could prove difficult for HRM, because they are dealing with a separate market. The current policies in place cover a wide range of issues, which are sufficient for Mc Donalds strategic plans. FLEXIBILITY ANA HRM Flexibility

Dear Diary Essay

I’ve lived on this here ranch for many years now, and as a coloured man, I feel my life is nothing but the lowest of all. A white man’s loneliness and hardship is nothing compared to a black man’s isolation. I live here, all alone in my own room. The other men say that it’s good to have your own room, where there ain’t nobody else to disturb your own privacy. But, it’s not like that. There ain’t nothing good about it at all. A lonely life is what I live. By my own self, in my own bunk, with no one. I’m kept away from all the other men on this ranch, because of the prejudice against my coloured people. I have complained too many times about this injustice, but nobody would listen to the nigger speak. But, something funny happened today. Everything was the same as it always is on a Saturday evening. The white fellas out to town, leaving everything else silent, except the quiet echo of the horses, moving about restlessly. As usual, my crippled back, injured from that darn horse, began to throb with pain once again, so I took out my liniment and slowly began to massage the ache with my hands. My mind wandered, and wondered about the reasons I have for staying here. I have many. I can’t leave this place, even though it is the one place where I am always unhappy. It’s just the fact that I’m a black man, I suppose. I haven’t got any choices. It’s either here or nowhere. It was silent as hell. I gazed up from my thoughts and realised Lennie, the new guy was standing in my doorway. I heard things like he was a big fella and everything but by god! That guy is huge. I just thought that there must have been something wrong with his head. How dare he, a white man, who should know about a black man’s privacy, should come and invade my territory? I’m not like them other white men. Seeing as I ain’t allowed in their bunk house, well, why should they be allowed in mine? He stood there, smiling with his great mouth. I told him that he shouldn’t be in here, still stunned at his daring. He smiled even more at that. Then he replied, only talking about his darn pups. But I realised, as the conversation grew on, that the man didn’t understand about prejudice and all those things. I began to feel at ease and even liked his company. Of course I did, anyways. There can’t be any man on earth who likes being on his own all the time. We talked and we talked. And I surprised even myself when I told him about my past, when I was a boy. When my old man had his own chicken ranch and the white kids would come and play. I used to play with them sometimes too, my old man didn’t like that but I didn’t find out why ’til I was older. Wish I could go back to them days. It was nice talkin’ to the big fella though. Normally, If I say something, why it’s just a nigger saying it. When he next spoke, I realised the boy weren’t taking in anything I say. All he was concerned about was the damn pups. God, a guy could talk to him and be sure he won’t be going off telling everyone else. He was stupid as hell. And I took advantage of him. Advantage of all the dumb things I thought about him. I’d been put down one too many times, and this time, this time, I was the one in power. I suppose I just wanted to scare him, that’s all. Didn’t mean no harm. I threatened him with the thought of his pal, George Milton, who Lennie seemed to be fond of, leaving him behind. Of course, all that’s unlikely to ever happen, but I dunno†¦ It got his attention though. He was scared. God, I was enjoying it, but now, I realise how stupid I was. I enjoyed every moment of this torture, but it was okay. It wasn’t me, or so I thought. I carried on, saying stuff like, supposing George can’t come back, say if he died or something. What would Lennie do then? I was full of glee with the thought of the hurt I was inflicting on Lennie. But I just suppose I was jealous. Too jealous. How come this dumb guy, Lennie, could get a friend, a companion, when I couldn’t? I’m smarter than him. I could’ve been more of a better person to talk to. But I know why. It’s always the same reason. The prejudice white folks have for us black folks. So I kept tormenting him, with all the rage and anger I had kept within myself for a lifetime. Suddenly, Lennie stood up and I realised how big he was. It scared me. This towering ogre, shadowing me with his great body. I stopped teasing him, and tried to be more gentle and reassuring. I know I’m never gonna mess around with that big boy any more. We settled down once again, with comfort and ease among us. It was a nice feeling. Probably better than the feeling of being in power. I suppose power isn’t always everything. Lennie was now talking a lot more than before. About their â€Å"dream† of owning their own land – the same dream every man has before they lose their entire stake to the cat houses in town and finally give up. Too many men I’ve seen have given up. There’s no reason why this dream won’t be the same. But†¦ for some reason, I believe it could come true. It’s just the enthusiasm I saw in Lennie when he was talking about it. Of course, I didn’t hear much about the dream from Lennie. All he was on about was the animals and how he’d be taking care of them. Then, from outside, the sound of a horse whined, and halter chains clinked. I moved to the door painfully. I didn’t realise my back hurt so much. I figured it could have been Slim. He sometimes comes into my room. It turned out to be Candy, the swamper. He old man is older than me, but in less pain. Lucky him. I invited him in though. Might as well anyways. Since everyone else was coming in. And also because I enjoyed the company†¦ He came in and suddenly, it seemed as though all we were talking about was their dream. I was amazed at how real all of their hopes were. I masked my thoughts and pretended to be not interested. I questioned them about the dream, about the land and where would they get it. But they answered with flawless answers. I even tried to put them off the dream, telling Candy how he’s just a swamper, and that’s all he’d ever be. Another act of jealousy. But the two men, with feelings so strong for what they believed in, did not fall for any of my traps. Could it be true? Could they really be doing the impossible? I admit, I ain’t ever seen a guy really do it. Achieve their dreams and own their own land. Nope. Not one person. I suppose that’s why I let my defences down. All my pride collapsed with the entrancing dream†¦ It took a lot of guts to say this, but I offered to work for them for nothing. Just so I could be with them, and perhaps be even†¦ happy†¦ I dunno†¦ It felt like it was worth it at the time. Giving up all this loneliness for a bit of happiness. Who would refuse? Who could refuse? Being part of a dream such as theirs. With their own land, own house, own animals, own everything. It was only a dream – ’til they came along and made it come to life. The moment was spoiled when Curley’s wife entered without my saying so. I couldn’t tell her to leave though. Even as a woman, she still has more power than a nigger. She came looking for Curley. As if she didn’t know already. I asked her politely to leave, but she responded with her loneliness. I suppose I haven’t really paid enough attention to her, to wonder about her feelings, but why should I? If the way she treated me today was just a smack of reality, then I shouldn’t care for anyone but myself. My anger built up and was eventually released. The anger I built whilst listening to her threats, freed themselves in the form of words. I should’ve kept to myself though. I know I didn’t do anything except make things even worse. She didn’t have any rights to be in my room. A coloured man’s room. No rights to be messing around in here at all. And that’s what I told her. Told her to get out. She then turned against me, and threatened me, like I have been for everyday of my life. But this time, it was worse, much worse. She threatened me, telling me that if I told anyone she’d been here, she could get me hung. She knew she could get me killed. A black man ain’t got any power over a white woman even. She threatened to kill me and the painful part was†¦ that I knew she could. And I accepted it. Because I have accepted the prejudice all my life. My body froze and I sat there perfectly still, my eyes in one place, turned away. It’s the position I use to create the wall protecting me from the cruel, white world. Where I can imprison the pain and the hurt from a lifetime of hatred and prejudice. These feelings who crave to scream and shout. Yet, they have no say in this world. Like I don’t have any say. I was grateful towards Candy at that moment. He stood up for me, going up against the bully. But she did the same to him as she did with me. But I appreciated it, I did. It was only when Candy said that he thought he had heard the other men coming back, when she left. I’m not very sure if he was telling the truth, but it did its job. She was gone in a flash, leaving her emotional footsteps behind imprinted upon us. It was time for Candy and Lennie to leave. I would have loved for them to stay for just a little bit longer†¦ but I knew they couldn’t. In the background, George yelled for his friend, Lennie. A friend I envy. As they left and turned their backs on me and my sanctuary, I shouted back for Candy. I told him to forget everything I said about hoeing and doing odd jobs. I didn’t mean it. To him I didn’t. But I really did. It’s just a secret I have to keep to myself now. I felt unwanted, my pride gone, all lost to the hands of that woman. I wish I could go back and ask Candy for another chance, but I know I can’t. I’ve already rejected the offer, and even told him I would have never liked a place like that anyway†¦ I wonder why I said it now. I suppose I didn’t want to seem desperate, even though I really was. I had to rebuild another barrier, and in doing so, I abandoned my only escape out of here. I didn’t think before I acted. But those words were the only thing on my mind at the time. And still I wonder why. I should probably forget about it though. I won’t have another chance. Unless they asked me to†¦ but that isn’t really likely. White men asking a black man to work with them? Perhaps†¦ but just not these men. Now, I’m rubbing my back once again, with the pink palm of my left hand, covered in liniment. With the desire to soothe the pain on the outside, as well as the pain inflicted inside. I’m thinking about this past night, this past year, my past life. I realised I ain’t never been truly happy, have I? Never on this ranch, where I’m always singled out from everybody else, only ’cause I’m the only black man. I don’t like anything on this ranch. Only ’til tonight I found one thing I liked. Friendship. But I don’t have it. Not now, anyways, and probably not ever. I do like it though. I know I do. But all I can do is just sit here night after night, wondering about it. How it’s like, how it’d be, but never experiencing the joy. Just†¦ wondering.

Personal Story

Daniel Roomer PDP. 7 â€Å"Every man and woman is born into the world to do something unique and something distinctive and if he or she does not do it, It will never be done. † Benjamin E Mays. This is the essence of this whole story. The understanding of such a philosophy eluded me as did it many people of my age at the time; some are not introduced to this concept until they are far into their adulthood. I had been born and raised Into a Christian household with no real father figure for most of my life, although I saw him frequently he was never around enough to really raise me maybe a few bits and pieces of advice and teachings.The real parenting came from my sister mother and grandmother. My mother had a lot of work to do considering she was a lone parent of two and had my Grandmother come live with us from Nicaragua (Central America) a few years prior to my birth and could barely pronounce â€Å"hello†. Because of my mother's long work hours I didn't see her much and the Job of a nurturing loving mother really fell upon my Grandma. Now this doesn't mean my mom didn't love me or TLD show It she Just wasn't as present as my grandmother was because my grandma didn't work and took care of me all day.For thirteen years f my life I was shown love and care by this Incredible woman. Like I said before I grew up in a Christian house hold and my grandmother, mother and sister all had a pretty good understanding and very inclined spirituality so they took it upon themselves to teach me who God was and why he was important and so Important to our everyday lives. I had never questioned what they taught me I just received and didn't think much of It. I was a typical church boy, going to church listening to what the teachers In Sunday school had to say, waking up every morning at eight to get ready, try to live by hat was taught to me etc. Etc. It was never really hard Just do as you were told and keep your mouth shut so it can all be over quicker. Granted I never consciously thought this way but as a child you know you Just want to live In the moment. As you start to reach the age where life starts to show it's struggles and now it's not mommy and daddy making the decisions as much for you, you begin to put forth the things you have learned over the course of you relatively short existence so far.For me that began at about 11 or 12 years old. I began to be a little preacher showing there kids who God was and why he was important just like my family had shown me and considering that I read the bible on my own I had a level of wisdom about the bible, life, history and in general Just overall that most kids didn't possess at my age. In my seventh grade year when I was 12 my grandmother had become very weak. She wasn't the once strong, fun, larger than life grandmother that I was used to having around.Although I knew so much I still wanted to preserve the innocence of a child and expected this to be like all the cartoons I had grown up watching; where nothing ever bad truly happened to the good guys and those around him. I visited my grandmother in the hospital on a regular basis and I began to see how real this situation had become in my life. My grandmother showed misery and sadness in her eyes whenever she had to be seen in her pitiful state, she was skinnier than she had ever been in her life, and was completely drained of the energy she once had.The visits continued for a few months and she had undergone two surgeries. I had now learned what cancer was and what this evil was doing to my grandmother. I was 13 now and one morning during school it hit me that my ornamented wasn't going to make it I had flashbacks of some of the happiest memories I could think of with her. That same day when walking home I saw my sisters, moms, and dads car in the front yard and I thought nothing of it. As I walked into the house I noticed solemn, saddened faces. My father sat me down on my mother's bed and looked me directly in my eyes and told me that my grandmother didn't make it.It didn't take long for the tears to stream down my face and then began wailing frantically as if one of my appendages had been ripped from my body. The news didn't bode well and my grades slipped drastically. I was a vessel of grief wearing fake smiles and laughs Just to avoid anyone asking me what was wrong and the images of my grandmother would rush back to fill my mind. It was at this point where I came to question everything I was ever taught about this God my family, friends, and teachers were so fond of. , the product of my families teachings was now shattered left to rebuild myself how I saw fit. I had always known what the people around me wanted me to follow or what they wanted me to be and in return I blindly followed what they said. Predestined by birth to fulfill what they anted me to do. I wondered, was everything they told me Just crap? Is there really a God who sent his son to die for me so the inhabitants on thi s earth could be saved? Do I really want to do what I'm doing now? If there is such a God why would he take away my source of love?All these questions and more filled my head and now I would search what I would truly follow and what I would do with myself. I started to do my research on religion and other belief systems. I researched many western eastern belief systems, their history, stories, purposes, etc. Etc. Hopefully ending something that would explain why my grandmother died, what happened to her and why did it have to happen to me now. Nothing was helping if anything it made me angrier and resentful toward these principles god's or god these people impossible to actually fulfill as a human being.My impatience grew and months and months of studying brought no results. My grandma died and there was no positive showing itself from it. After a while it Just seemed as if there was no hope, that crap like this Just happens for no reason and no benefit comes from living life with t he fear of this God. Religion throughout history only seemed to result in the demise of man and was a tool of destruction used by those in power. After a few more weeks passed by I recalled the many times I would see my grandmother writing notes in her bible and notebooks, watching preaching's on T.V. And always seeming to enjoy her time this way. To me it seemed strange that it brought so much Joy to my Grandmother to do these things I wondered if it was because she never found out she was being lied to or that she had seen something I had failed to find. I continued my studies but this time on Christianity. I had taken the time to study it through the historical aspect and the perspectives of many and had concluded that it was a broken philosophy but now I would try a different approach.I took my grandmother's bilingual bible and began to read it and study it this time and use her example of what she did with it. During this time my identity began to take form and the pieces were reassembling to make something new. I learned from the stories and teachings of this book combined with the historical knowledge I had of this bible, I could see how a lot of it made sense. It still didn't get e exactly what I needed but it was a start. I still wondered, why a God who did such wonderful things would allow for me to lose someone so essential in my life.I continued onward and started catching onto a very important theme, the relief from suffering. Soon combined with other themes I had learned in the bible it finally hit me. I was a selfish Jerk who failed to realize what was going on cause I was too busy worrying for myself. This God truly loved my grandmother more than I ever did. She had been suffering for so long with so much pain and I still wanted her to be around. I had never Hough that she had gone to heaven to rest and to leave the pain of humanity behind.I found how religion was a manmade tool and that my grandmother had never followed a religion but she foll owed a God willing to die for her on the cross. Man and God can never mix and the guy who can tell me what's going on in the world 2000 + years before my existence is the guy I should be following. I had come to grips with why my grandma died when she did. I was old enough to make my own decisions and wise enough to execute to decisions. With all the knowledge I had learned I finally could have a better understanding of those around me and What God wants me to do with those around me.Although my grandma died her love for me did not and it would guide me and show me how to share the love she demonstrated to me with other people. God never left me, he had his own way to In the end I had made my own identity and now could fulfill my own unique purpose in the world the only thing left was for me to decide to do it. I have chosen to do so and my something unique I was born to do is now coming to fruition. The struggles that come in life always serve a purpose no matter how painful. The c hoice is yours to allow it to hinder or you or push you forward.

What is the true study of modern human emotion, th Essays

What is the true study of modern human emotion, th Essays What is the true study of modern human emotion, thought, and behavior, psychology or philosophy? This question's answer does not come easily to its solicitor; in fact, the two seemingly different subjects have a distinct and discernible relationship to one another. "Some things are up to us and some are not up to us. Our opinions are up to us, our impulses, desires, aversions, in-short whatever is our doing. Our bodies are not up to us, nor our possessions, our reputations, or our public offices, or that is, whatever is not of our own doing (Epictetus 1)." This citation, from a philosopher who lived around 100 B.C., illustrates the relationship between psychology and philosophy. When one examines the language housed within the passage he will understand, in order to lead a blissful life, one must have power over his reaction to an event and not let the event have power over his reaction. This effortless Stoic belief has lead to the development of a modern psychological therapy known as Rational-Emotive-Behavior-Therapy. This therapy uses a logical approach in order to solve problems with the human psyche.If one were to scrutinize the word "Psychological," he will notice the word "Psycho" which is related to the word "Psyche," which, in turn, means the human mind and its perception of consciousness. Upon further study of the word "Psychological," the person in question will notice the latter part of the word is "Logical" which deals with the processing and the capability of rational human thought; therefore, one can inf er that a psychological therapy must deal with the subjects awareness of his situation and his ability to rationalize his thoughts of such events. Rational-Emotive-Behavior-Therapy executes this conjecture to the letter. REBT is a reflexive approach to psychology that is gaining popularity. Today, REBT uses can be seen in everything from: combating unhealthy emotional outbursts, solving chemical dependencies, and improving a person's overall mental self-image. Foremost, one must understand Rational-Emotive-Behavior-Therapy in order to apply REBT to the above-mentioned modes of use. REBT is a therapy residing in a subdivision of psychological therapies known as Cognitive therapy, or an assumption based therapy relying on the premise that psychological problems are due to maladaptive patterns of thinking ( Hockenbury and Hockenbury 523). Gerald Metalsky Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology at Wisconsin's Lawrence University, explains cognitive therapy to be the process of "Identifying deprossogenic thoughts, evaluating these thoughts, and challenging the cognition of these thoughts in order to reduce future depressions ( Metalsky 23)." In other words, perception of life's events dictates emotion; however, perception is not always reality, cognitive distortions within one's mind are the actual culprit. Dr. Metalsky continues to explain with a model he uses to clarify the therapy to new patients. "We ta ke the ABC approach, which "A" is the antecedent event, "B" Is the belief one has regarding what has just transpired, and "C" is the consequence of the belief ( Metalsky 23)." This model shows the basic structure of all Cognitive therapies. For example, when a student fails an exam and the student concludes that he or she must be stupid. This is a classic example of an external event, interpreted incorrectly, creating a cognitive distortion in the mind of that individual. By understanding the outlining concept of Rational-Emotive-Behavior-Therapy, known as Cognitive Therapy, one is now ready to move on to the subject of REBT itself. What is REBT? Rational-Emotive-Behavior-Therapy, or commonly known as REBT, is a practical, action-oriented approach to coping with problems, and enhancing personal growth. The premise for Rational-Emotive-Behavior-Therapy is that a person's difficulties are the result of his or her faulty expectations and irrational beliefs (REBT facts 2). In order to restore emotional heath to the life of the individual one must utilize REBT. The therapy itself does not eliminate emotion; in fact, it emphasizes emotional involvement in every aspect of our thinking and our actions ( Metalsky 24). The therapy requires the patient to look at his situation and evaluate the emotion this situation evokes. When human emotion becomes too intense, as it often does, the person this emotion belongs to becomes unhappy. The quality of hi s or her life begins to deteriorate. It is at these times, the logical

Austria 17th 18th centuries essays

Austria 17th 18th centuries essays In my paper I will examine the absolute monarchy of Austria during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. I shall focus on the on the power of Austria, its foundation, preservation, and expansion. Lastly I will take into consideration the relationship between the classes, the growth of the power of state institutions, and some of the consequential figures in the evolution of absolute monarchy in Austria. The foundation of absolutism was the theory of the divine right of kings. This theory maintained that the monarch was God's representative on earth. In reality absolutism was a closer working relationship with the nobles in order to maintain control. Ensuring the power of the nobles meant solidifying his authority. The bureaucracy began to reorganize, making it more effective on the local level. Local and national government began to meet on a regular basis. This was done by dividing the monarchy into ten units, then dividing it further into ten subdistricts. Kreishauptmann were the administrative heads of each district, appointed by the King to work at the local level. All this helped to extend the monarch's power to the far reaches of the domain. To the people this basically meant that not only was the king a supreme ruler but he could emphasize his will with armies of unmatched size giving the idea of absolutism an illustration and an authenticity never seen before. With this need for a standing army came the need for new funds. These new funds gave way to a new system of tax collection. Throughout history the war and taxes have gone hand in hand. The goal of every monarch was to have independent power and only economic independence could make that possible. Maria Teresa (r. 1740-1780) won approval of the realm to administer property tax on all subjects. These new funds were used to refo ...

Computer Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer Ethics - Essay Example Community standards are not necessarily very present on the Internet, unless one counts Internet social networking sites as formal ways which try to organize information in a way that is easily digestible by readers. Right now, as things stand, users have direct control over their options. Community standards criterion might be very difficult to be preserved on the Internet-namely because there weren’t any standards to begin with. According to Curry, Riley, & Battistoni, â€Å"With the Internet, the user can control very precisely the sites and information to be accessed. However,concerns about adult access to adult information and communications have arisen if regulators chose to protect adolescents from obscenity on the Internet†.While some sites can be blocked by parents and educators, obscenities on the Internet can’t necessarily be regulated completely. However, that does not mean that Internet regulation is not on the horizon. According to Tavani, â€Å"De spite some of the controversies and challenges that arise in schemes for regulating cyberspace, it is noted that we should not presume against Internet regulation. In fact, there is a 'strong moral case can be made for regulating the content of the Internet†. Morally speaking, many people would like it if the content of the Internet could be regulated in terms of language use on chat rooms and social networking sites. In fact, that is the next wave of technology that might come in handy some day, is the use of administrators, or Admin, to basically monitor the content placed online.

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Criminology - Annotated Bibliography Example This document is part of the FBI’s UCRs (Uniform Crime Reports), whose aim is to provide data on the crimes taking place throughout the United States on an annual basis. The UCRs are produced every year and provides information at both the local and national levels. They track the occurrences of eight specific criminal activities together with the frequencies and locations of each crime. The FBI then gathers the data that is provided from the law enforcement agencies of each state across the nation. This information is crucial to students studying criminology as it provides them with the necessary data for their research. This document provides all the information about records that are in the possession of the FBI, including how to access records that have already been released. It also gives information on how one can request the records that have not been released through the FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) and the Privacy Act. One can also get other information that can assist in understanding the records and how the FBI works. This information can be of great help to students studying criminology as it provides them with the necessary data for their research and help them to know how the FBI works in case they plan to join the agency. This article explores women’s fear of sexual assault and rape that has been empirically and theoretically linked to their fear of other crime types. The author explores in detail this fear, particularly paying attention to female college students who are mostly at risk of such crimes. This article performs some research on the issue and forms a conclusion that the fear of rape and sexual assault by women has some impact on their fear of other crimes that are not related to sex. This article will definitely be useful to university students studying criminology as well as the female students wishing to prevent rape. This article

Against stricter gun control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Against stricter gun control - Essay Example Antigun control activists assert that disarming the public is not the answer to removing the threat of civilian shootings, but arming those who are in those situations is the answer. For instance, teachers should be legalized to carry guns if it helps to improve their safety since they are often targets of attacks by rowdy students in different locations (Weissert, 2013). This should not only apply to teachers but to all the citizens alike if their lives are under threat from assailants who are bent on robbing them of their valuable possessions. In such a case, it can be seen that guns help to protect the safety of the citizens. In the United States, there are more incidents of armed civilians, guards, and off-duty police officers saving people through the use of guns than there are also incidents of armed civilians firing on innocent crowds. In such a scenario, it can be seen that guns are used to protect innocent civilians against violence by other unknown assailants hence stricter gun laws may threaten the safety of the citizens if they are implemented. The use of guns has to be regulated such that only those people with the legal right should use the guns to protect themselves and the members of the society rather than to commit crimes using the same guns. The other reason why I argue against stricter gun laws is that the state has the duty to regulate as well as to vet the people who are legible to get the guns. If the state makes it a law that guns should not be easily accessed by anyone especially young children, gun violence is likely to be maintained at a lower level. Gun violence can also be reduced if all guns are licensed such that the state can clearly control the activities of the people who are armed with guns. If efforts are put to eradicate all illegal fire arms being possessed by different people, it can be seen that the levels of gun violence

A New Vision for Public Administration Essay Example for Free

A New Vision for Public Administration Essay Theme The theme of the article by Goodsell is illustrating â€Å"how public administration in the United States can be seen on its own terms, and not those of others† (p. 634). This article argue that the professors and practitioners of the field have inadvertently allowed it to be observed and interpreted from standpoints imposed by others who are external to its institutions and subject matter (p. 623). These include elected officials and politicians and a variety of critics supporting programs for improvement. The representations of the field expected by these outside viewers have been indiscreetly acknowledged within public administration, leaving the field disposed for influence as a tool for purposes other than its own. This situation has made it difficult for the fields leaders to formulate a separate intellectual vision for public administration that is consonant with their appropriate goals and concerns (p.623). Topic The topic under consideration is to contend that it is time for the field to advance, in the sense that it must express, at least to itself, a vision that apprehends its understanding of public administrations contented involvement to a democratic society. The article also present that the vision is no more â€Å"true† in an objective sense than the visions of others. The subject of investigation are the viewpoints in which the social constructs can be seen in different ways, and how the public administrators can be thought to be owning the capacities of human observation and visual understanding that allow them to see such objects. Method of Inquiry The method of inquiry used by the author is qualitative research. The author does this through corresponding to what a recent analyst of governance  described as society’s three major institutions: the state, the market, and civil society (p. 624). The state perceives public administration from the perspective of centralized, combined control by the chief executive. The market sees it in terms of private area standards and the principles of commerce. Civil societys viewpoint is that the fields self-governing prospective is apprehended through direct impact over government by those affected by it. Findings The author provides a brief and attentive summary of the major findings through a trio of conceptual categories. The three categories he analyzes are: States view on public administration, Market view on public administration, and Civil Society’s view on public administration. Public administration centers on matters of branded control under state’s view. This is controlled from the top and if the top person in charge is a tyrant, then the control is made unconditional by intimidations and eliminations. â€Å"In a democracy, the situation is more complicated: Laws and elections must be honored, a free press tolerated, and, in America, the separation of powers and divisions of federalism dealt with† (p. 624). Public administration centers on matters of branded control under state’s view. This is controlled from the top and if the top person in charge is a tyrant, then the control is made unconditional by intimidations and eliminations. â€Å"In a democracy, the situation is more complicated: Laws and elections must be honored, a free press tolerated, and, in America, the separation of powers and divisions of federalism dealt with† (p. 624). The bureaucracy came to be observed as coextensive with the executive branch of government, under the exclusive direction of the chief executive. Without consulting the Constitution, this was simply assumed to be the case. The Constitution enforces many judicial and legal controls over supervision that check the presidents power over administration. Although the president is explicitly designated commander in chief of the army and navy, over civilian matters no such authority exists. At the local level, state administrative eliminated panels in favor of single managers and created gubernatorial  budget offices. â€Å"Meanwhile, in the arena of intergovernmental relations, the federal grant-in-aid blossomed as a principal means of financing government at the state and local level; and this gave the money-dispensing national executive branch a high degree of dominance over the entire administrative system† (p. 624). Centralized administrative control permits the presidency to apply its proclaimed duty of local policy governance at home and its expected obligation to direct overseas the extensive actions of the worlds only global force. Market sees public administration not as a governmentally absorbed area of joined deed, but as a set of fundamentally noncommercial events open to free-market course and direction. â€Å"Flexibility, competition, and entrepreneurship are assumed to be the keys to delivering efficient services in a way that is both economical and pleasing to consumers (p. 625).† The impact of what is left of customary public administration is to take care of the few matters that are not else controlled by the market, such as providing necessary public goods or improving rare market failures. The favored features sought are drawn from the latest ideas adopted in corporate management and organization. â€Å"They must flatten their hierarchies, break down their stovepipes, and adopt the latest information technologies; the organization is committed to continuous change almost for its own sake, dedicated to the rituals of strategic planning verbalized by the latest reform acronyms† (p. 625). The crucial result is not lacking its ironies. Traditional public administration is seen as despairingly incompetent, stubborn, and old-fashioned. On the other hand the invalid administrators are eager consumers of the management policies sold by business trainers and consultants. At the end of the day, an inept, big-spending bureaucracy seems to be the perfect problem to have (p.625). Civil society’s central concern is opening it up to direct public involvement, although it too is interested in control and reform with regard to public administration. They are more interested in giving voice to those who are financially deprived and without any political influence. They also speak for racial minorities and community residents whom they believe should have a direct voice in administrative decisions that affect them. It is  difficult to separate these citizens from others in civil society who might also wish to claim the same right. â€Å"Examples are local merchants, corporate chief executives, association executives, religious activists, and arms dealers; even though these people already enjoy insider influence in government through hired lobbyists, social contacts, and campaign contributions† (p. 625). It is hard to envision a structure that would carefully distinct between the citizens that deserve from undeserving. The article also analyzed some academics that have promoted not just higher proportions of minorities and women, but also the â€Å"active† representation in the form of pro-group conduct by bureaucrats (p.626). The logical perception of shareholder study is seen as a way to anticipate public feedbacks to a planned quantity from all quarters. Collaborative public planning is a way to assembly direct address among members of all relevant groups to allow citizens and not just bureaucrats to structure and address issues. â€Å"This tool has been particularly popular in the natural resources area, in which ranchers, timber companies, sports enthusiasts, and environmentalists compete for influence; moreover, several techniques of interactive e-government have been the subject of experimentation, especially at the local level† (p.626). Assessment According to Goodsell, it appears that he is calling for the skills of a strategic leader when he says that the â€Å"mission is the foundation for agency self-identification, staff impulse, program unity, organizational pride, and political support. Likewise, it stimulates a conscious level of intentionality that keeps the organization on track and mobilizes the resolve needed to resist capture by special interests (p. 631).† From public administration’s standpoint, the most important defect in the state viewpoint is the downgrade of management to a lesser part. â€Å"It evokes the simplistic politics-administration dichotomy and suggests public servants should be subservient beings† (p. 627). Another problem with the market view is its notion in approval of business outsourcing over domestic ability. Such extreme events as formation and appraising programs and  cherishing and mixing the labor force should not be contracted out. Maybe the most important flaw of this viewpoint is that its concern with the private sector does not satisfy the responsibilities of government. â€Å"It is the nature of the public sector to seek multiple, varied goals, many of which cannot be monitored by the monetary metric; although the values of economy, efficiency, and productivity remain obviously important in public administration, a more thoughtful calculus of purpose is needed (p. 628)†. Citizen participation can help democratize administration, but only under the right circumstances. There are limits on how much and how often authority can be shared. In crisis situations, time is of the essence, and truly expansive democracy is impossible. In matters of great debate, continued discussions may actually worsen the tension and do nothing to attain compromise. Eventually, someone must make a decision, and usually that burden falls on the public administrator. In public policy networks, it is crucial for government to have a prime role. Administrators may employ persuasion and negotiation in dealing with other network members (as they have always done), they must be regarded as first among equals at a very minimum because of their legal authority and mandate to seek out the public good (p. 630). All in all it seems that a certain amount of authorization is essential to carry out allocated tasks. This profits not only the organizations themselves but also the larger community. Most organization duties are not, after all, casually shaped. They originate from the constant, vital needs of a modern society, making their existence not a matter of choice but a necessity acknowledged by mostly all.